1. Overview of AI 2005/03/03

2. Outline • Introduction • A brief history • AI methods • Problem solving • Knowledge representation and reasoning • Learning • Research areas • Related resources

3. Introduction • Motivation • The aims of AI reflect ancient dreams of using minds and hands to create beings like human. • Definition • AI is a branch of science which deals with helping machines find solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion.

4. A brief history • Chess program (Shannon and Turing, 1953) • General problem solver (Newell and Simon, 1956) • Lisp (McCarthy, 1958) • MYCIN (Feigenbaum et al., 1969) • PROSPECTOR (Duda et al., 1979) • Intelligent system (Pearl et al., 1988) • PEAGASUS (Zue et al., 1994)

5. AI methods- Problem solving • The goal of problem solving is to decide what to do by finding sequences of actions that lead to desirable states. • Search strategies: • Breadth-first search • Depth-first search • Hill-climbing search • Best-first search • A* search • Mini-Max algorithm • Alpha-Beta pruning

6. Al methods- Knowledge and reasoning • A knowledge-based system uses logical reasoning to maintain a description of the world as new percepts arrive, and to deduce a course of action that will achieve its goals. • Certain environment: • First-order logic • Case-based reasoning

7. AI methods- Knowledge and reasoning • Uncertain environment: • Probability theory • Fuzzy theory • Stochastic simulation

8. AI methods- Learning • The idea behind learning is that percepts should be used not only for acting, but also for improving the ability to act in the future. • Learning methods: • Inductive learning • Neural network • Brief network

9. Research areas • Knowledge representation and articulation • Learning and adaptation • Deliberation, planning, and acting • Speech and language processing • Image understanding and synthesis

10. Research areas • Manipulation and locomotion • Autonomous agents and robots • Multiagent systems • Cognitive modeling • Mathematical foundations

11. Related resources • Conferences • International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) • The National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) • International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) • Journals • Artificial Intelligence • Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research • AI Magazine • IEEE intelligent systems

12. Related resources • Organizations • American association for artificial intelligence (AAAI) • ACM Special Interest Group in Artificial Intelligence (SIGART) • Society for Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB) • Web sites • http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/ai.html • http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html (UCI Machine Learning Repository)