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Mnemonic for ROLE OF kidney A WET BED .

Learn about the vital role of the kidneys in maintaining fluid, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure control. Explore how the body regulates osmolarity, cell stress, tonicity, and mineral balance. Understand the intricate mechanisms that ensure homeostasis.

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Mnemonic for ROLE OF kidney A WET BED .

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  1. Mnemonic for ROLE OF kidney A WET BED . • A – maintaining ACID-base balance • W – maintaining WATER balance • E – ELECTROLYTE balance • T – TOXIN removal • B – BLOOD Pressure control • E –ERYTHROPOIETIN making • D – Vitamin D metabolism.

  2. Water and Electrolyte Balance

  3. Human cells dwell in salt ECF . • Their well-being of the cells depend on the ability of the body to regulate the salinity of ECF.

  4. OSMO REGULATORY SYSTEM • The osmo regulatory system normally prevents the plasma sodium concentration from going outside its normal range (135 to 145 mmol per liter). • By controlling water intake and excretion mainly by kidney.

  5. CELLS STRESS • Failure of the system to regulate within this range exposes cells to hypotonic or hypertonic stress.

  6. TONICITY • Hypotonicity , makes cells swell and • Hypertonicity, makes them shrink. • The term “tonicity” describes the effect of plasma on cells

  7. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Fluids constitute ~50%–60% of total body composition in which Mineralsare dissolved (electrolytes) Fluid compartments Intracellular fluid (ICF) Extracellular fluid (ECF)

  8. Total body composition of adult males and females WATER 60% ECF ICF Intracellularfluid 33% Interstitialfluid 21.5% Plasma 4.5% Solids 40%(organic and inorganic materials) Other body fluids (≤1%) Adult males SOLIDS 40% WATER 50% ECF ICF Interstitialfluid 18% Intracellularfluid 27% Plasma 4.5% Other body fluids (≤1%) Solids 50%(organic and inorganic materials) Adult females SOLIDS 50%

  9. Changes in Water Content with Age

  10. The solid components of a 70-kg (154-pound)individual with a minimum of body fat SOLID COMPONENTS (31.5 kg; 69.3 lbs) Kg Miscellaneous Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Minerals

  11. Fluid balance Water content stable over time Gains Primarily absorption along digestive tract As nutrients and ions are absorbed, osmotic gradient created causing passive absorption of water Digestive secretions which are reabsorbed similarly to ingested fluids Losses Mainly through urination (over 50%) but other routes as well

  12. Fluid balance ICF and ECF compartments balance Vary in composition Are at osmotic equilibrium Loss of water from ECF is replaced by water in ICF = Fluid shift Occurs in minutes to hours and restores osmotic equilibrium Dehydration Results in long-term transfer that cannot replace ECF water loss Homeostatic mechanisms to increase ECF fluid volume will be employed

  13. The major factors that affect ECF volume Water absorbed acrossdigestive epithelium(2000 mL) Water vapor lost in respiration andevaporation frommoist surfaces(1150 mL) ECF Metabolicwater(300 mL) Water lost in feces (150 mL) ICF Water secretedby sweat glands(variable) Plasma membranes Water lost in urine(1000 mL)

  14. Mineral balance Mineral balance Equilibrium between ion absorption and excretion Major ion absorption through intestine and colon Major ion excretion by kidneys Sweat glands excrete ions and water variably Ion reserves mainly in skeleton

  15. Mineral balance, the balance between ion absorption (in the digestive tract) and ion excretion (primarily at the kidneys) Ion Excretion Ion Absorption Ion reserves (primarilyin the skeleton) Sweat glandsecretions(secondarysite of ion loss) Ion absorption occurs across theepithelial lining of the small intestineand colon. Ion pool in body fluids Kidneys(primary siteof ion loss) ICF ECF

  16. Water and sodium balance Sodium balance(when sodium gains equal losses) Relatively small changes in Na+ are accommodated by changes in ECF volume Homeostatic responses involve two parts ADH control of water loss/retention by kidneys and thirst Fluid exchange between ECF and ICF

  17. The mechanisms that regulate sodium balancewhen sodium concentration in the ECF changes ADH Secretion Increases Recall of Fluids The secretion of ADHrestricts water loss andstimulates thirst, promotingadditional waterconsumption. Because the ECFosmolarity increases,water shifts out of the ICF, increasing ECFvolume and lowering ECF Na concentrations. Rising plasmasodium levels Osmoreceptorsin hypothalamusstimulated If you consume largeamounts of salt withoutadequate fluid, as whenyou eat salty potatochips without taking a drink, the plasma Naconcentration rises temporarily. HOMEOSTASISRESTORED HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED Decreased Nalevels in ECF Increased Nalevels in ECF HOMEOSTASIS Start Normal Naconcentrationin ECF

  18. The mechanisms that regulate sodium balancewhen sodium concentration in the ECF drops HOMEOSTASIS Start Normal Naconcentrationin ECF HOMEOSTASISDISTURBED HOMEOSTASISRESTORED Decreased Nalevels in ECF Increased Nalevels in ECF ADH SecretionDecreases Water loss reducesECF volume,concentrates ions Osmoreceptorsin hypothalamusinhibited As soon as the osmoticconcentration of the ECFdrops by 2 percent ormore, ADH secretiondecreases, so thirst issuppressed and waterlosses at the kidneysincrease. Falling plasmasodium levels

  19. THANk YOU ALL

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