Astrophysics Missions in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Program

1. Astrophysics Missions in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Program Fabio Favata European Space Agency

2. 2016 2005 2006 2007 2017 2015 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Missions in preparation Herschel-Planck 2008 Bepi-Colombo 2013 Corot (CNES-ESA) 2006 Lisa-Pathfinder 2009 Gaia 2011 Chandrayan (ISRO-ESA) 2008 Solar Orbiter 2015 JWST (NASA-ESA) 2014 Microscope (CNES-ESA) 2009

3. ESA’s new long term plan for space science COSMIC VISION 2015-2025

4. Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 process • Call for Science Themes in Spring 2004 • Responses analyzed by ESA’s advisory structure in July 2004 • Workshop with community in Paris in September 2004 (400 participants) • Spring 2005 the Cosmic Vision Plan was presented to the community • Plan should cover one decade, with 3 Calls for Missions planned

5. Cosmic Vision process • First “Call for Missions” issued in 1st Q 2007 • 50 proposals received by June 2007 deadline • Selection process by scientific community during summer • Final recommendation in October 2007

6. ESA ExecutiveDG, D/Sci Science ProgrammeCommittee MemberStates (resource) (implementation) ESF Space Science Committee X-member Recommendations Advice Space ScienceAdvisory Committee Solar SystemWorking Group Astronomy WorkingGroup FundamentalPhysicsAdvisory Group European Science Community Membership ofadvisory bodies is determined by individual scientific standing The ESA program is chosen by the Scientific Community…..

7. Cosmic vision process for 1st slice • 2 launch opportunities, for 2017/2018 • Currently planning 1 M (2017) plus 1 L (2018) mission • L cap ca. 650 M€, M cap ca. 300 M€ ESA cost • P/L funded separately by ESA member states • Other mixes of mission sizes possible

8. Cosmic Vision process for 1st slice • Mission concepts have been selected for assessment studies • Further down-selection is planned in 2009 and 2011 • Assessment studies starting now, to mid 2009

9. Selected concepts for the first slice of the Cosmic Vision program • L mission concepts • Xeus (large collecting area X-ray observatory) • Laplace/Tandem (mission to the outer planets) • LISA (ex officio, gravitational wave observatory) • All of them are proposed to ESA as international collaborations

10. Selected concepts for the first slice of the Cosmic Vision program • M mission concepts • Plato (planetary transits and asteroseismology) • Dark Energy (Space and Dune) • Marco Polo (NEO sample return) • Cross Scale (magnetospheric physics) • Missions of opportunity • Spica (contribution to JAXA MIR observatory)

11. Z= 2 Z= 0 XEUS: Scientific objectives • A large collecting area X-ray observatory • Some key scientific drivers • Evolution of Large Scale Structure and Nucleosynthesis • Coeval Growth of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes • Matter under Extreme Conditions

12. XEUS: top level requirements • To be used as drivers for the Assessment phase • 5 m2 @ 1 keV, 2 m2 @ Fe K • 0.1-15 keV band (XMM/Chandra-like) •  5 arcsec spatial resolution (2 arcsec goal) • Wide field imaging ( 7 arcmin, R  50) • High-res, non-dispersive spectroscopy ( 0.6 arcmin, R  1000-3000 @ FeK) • Possible options: polarimetry, high time resolution, enhanced hard X-ray response and instrumentation

13. XEUS: proposed mission profile • Formation flying with separate mirror and detector S/C • 5 yr operations at L2 • International cooperation framework still to be detailed

14. European Dark Energy mission • Dark Energy recognized as highest priority in astronomy for M missions • Two proposals received, both highly ranked • A joint task force is being set up involving both teams and independent experts to advise ESA on the best European-led Dark Energy mission

15. Dark Energy: DUNE concept • Dark Universe Explorer (DUNE) • Wide-field NIR and optical imager • Study Dark Energy through weak gravitational lensing

16. DUNE baseline configuration • 1.2 m telescope, 0.23 arcsec PSF (opt) • 0.5 sq deg optical imager (RIZ) • 0.5 sq deg NIR imager (YJH) • 4 year mission to GEO

17. Dark Energy: SPACE concept • Spectroscopic All-Sky Cosmic Explorer (SPACE) • NIR spectra of > 5×108 galaxies to map Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations

18. Optical Telescope Assembly and fore-optics system (four channels). SPACE baseline configuration • 1.5 m telescope, diffraction-limited >0.65 m • R=400 spectra 0.8-1.8 m • 4 set of NIR detectors

19. Plato: scientific objectives • Provide the observational data to understand the evolution of stars and their planets • High accuracy photometry of a large sample of relatively bright stars • Transiting terrestrial planets & • Asteroseismology of the planet host

20. Plato: baseline mission • Two configurations to be traded off • “staring” vs. “spinning” concept • Trade-off to be done during study 100 identical 10cm pupil telescopes 3 x 0.72 m2 telescopes

21. SPICA: baseline mission • Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics • JAXA-led mission (see poster) • Coverage of FIR-MIR (5-210 m) with imaging, spectroscopic and coronographic instruments • Two orders of magnitude more sensitive than Herschel in FIR • Higher spectral resolution than JWST in MIR (R=30 000)

22. SPICA: European contribution • ESA will provide: • Cryogenic telescope assembly • European SPICA ground segment • ESI system engineering and management • ESI instrument • FIR imaging spectrometer • Nationally funded, Europe/Canada • ESA managed

23. CV2015: long-term technology development activities • A number of high priority science goals identified with low TRL • Incompatible with programmatics for first CV2015 slice • Will be subject to joint (ESA + national) technology activities, in view of future CV2015 Calls • Prioritization and details of activities to be established later

24. CV2015: long-term technology development activities • Goals in astrophysics for longer-term techhnology include • Detection and characterization of terrestrial exo-planets • Study of B-mode polarization of CMB • Study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays

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