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Renaissance Art & Architecture

The Renaissance, spanning from 1050 to the late 1500s, marked a profound transformation in art, architecture, and intellectual life across Europe. This era celebrated humanism, reviving classical antiquity and promoting individual potential and secular themes. Notable artists like Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci pioneered techniques such as perspective and realism, enhancing the emotional depth of their works. Influential city-states like Florence, backed by powerful patrons like the Medici, fostered commerce, creativity, and innovation, laying the groundwork for modern Western culture.

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Renaissance Art & Architecture

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  1. Renaissance Art & Architecture The Rebirth of Classical Ideas

  2. Background & Phases • 1050 – 1350 • Population growth • Economic development • City – states • 1200 – late 1500s • Artistic achievement Bellini: Sacra Conversazione

  3. Intellectual Development • Humanism: Glorify Human Form & Potential • Revival of classical antiquity • Individualism • Secular focus Titian: Assumption of the Virgin

  4. Renaissance Italy • City-States • Power People • Medici (F) • Este (Ferrara) • Sforza (M) • Doge (V) • Pope (PS)

  5. Florence • Commerce / Trade • Banking: Medici • Textile • Patronage

  6. Renaissance Art: Techniques • Religious >> Secular subjects • Realistic • Perspective • Movement • Symmetry • Proportion Ghirlandiao: Adoration of the Shepherds

  7. Medieval Flat Religious Static Renaissance 3-D Secular / Human focus Movement Medieval v. Renaissance Ghirlandaio: Angel Appearing to Zacharias

  8. Giotto de Bondone: The Mourning of Christ • Florentine School * Fresco * Individuals

  9. Massaccio: Tribute Money • Florentine School * Perspective * Realism

  10. Sandro Botticelli: Madonna of the Magnificat • Expression Botticelli Face Emotional • Double focal points: Crown + Book

  11. Major Artists: Ninja Turtles! Raphael – Michelangelo – Donatello – Leonardo

  12. Raphael: Pope Leo X with Two Cardinals1518 • Vatican Murals Commissioned by Pope Julius II • Leo X = Julius II successor • Focal Point = Face

  13. Raphael: The School of Athens • In the Vatican: Stanza della Signatura • Blending of Greek + Renaissance • Symmetry • Perspective • Depth • Light

  14. Leonardo da Vinci • Renaissance Man • Multi-talented • Anatomy, mechanics, art, astronomy, weaponry… • China?

  15. Leonardo: The Last Supper • Fresco * Symmetry * Individual Expression

  16. Leonardo: Mona Lisa • Symmetry • “Sfumato” • Blur • Blend • Mystery • The Grin

  17. Leonardo’s Notebooks • Vetruvian Man • Anatomy advances painting & sculpture

  18. Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel • M = sculptor, painter, architect • Commissioned by Pope Julius II 1508 • Scaffold, personally completed • Old & New Testament reflects the Renaissance Era

  19. Renaissance Sculpture • Classical Realism • Free standing • Marble & Bronze • Full body, busts & reliefs

  20. Humanism & Individuality • Individuality portrayed in details

  21. Ghiberti’s Doors - Florence • 1423, Florentine, he was only 23! • Bronze cast + gilding • 20 yrs N doors • 25 yrs E doors • “Creation” • Realism

  22. Donatello’s David • Free standing nude • Proportion of human form • 5’ tall, After beating Goliath

  23. Michelangelo’s David • Marble • 16’ tall • Details • As David decides to battle Goliath • Classical style, details

  24. Renaissance Architecture • Columns • Arch • Dome • Harmony via proportion • The Circle is key • Math!

  25. Church & Architecture • RCC builds to draw people • Tells the Biblical narrative • Visual & Symbolic

  26. Church Architecture: Florence • Santa Maria del Fiore begun 1294 by Arnolfo di Cambio, died 1302 • Began cupola (cup shaped dome)

  27. Church Architecture: Florence • Filippo Brunelleschi, 1418 figured out how to complete… ever decreasing circles with ribs to bear weight • Scaffolding upwards

  28. Michelangelo hired by Pope Paul III in 1546… worked until death in 1564 Inside St. Peter’s: High Altar Nave Ceiling Roman arches Under Dome Single dome with arch support Church Architecture: St. Peter’s

  29. Church Architecture: Bramante’s Tempietto • Renaissance “Greatest Architect” • Commissioned by K+Q of Spain: Ferdinand & Isabella • St. Peter’s death site • Doric columns + Roman dome, 15’ diameter

  30. Renaissance Writers Voice of Humanism Dante Alighieri – Petrarch – Boccaccio - Castiglione

  31. Renaissance Writers • Dante 1265-1321 • Divine Comedy Allegory • Vernacular • Petrarch1304-1374 • Sonnets in Italian • Boccaccio1313-1375 • Decameron = Plague • Castiglione1478-1529 • The Courtier = model

  32. Northern Renaissance • Began in Flanders >> Holland • Erasmus 1466-1536: reconcile Christian character w/ Humanism… Colloquies, Adages, new Bible A. Dűrer – Hans Holbein (Young) – van Eyck

  33. Northern Renaissance • Dűrer (G) 1471-1528 • Woodcuts • Mass Marketing • Holbein the Younger (G) 1497-1543 • Portraits, Henry VIII • Expressions • Van Eyck (Flem) 1390-1441 • Oil Paint developer • Realism possible

  34. English Renaissance: Elizabethan Era • G. Chaucer • Canterbury Tales: Vernacular • Sir Th. More • Utopia: Ideal place of virtue • Spenser • Faerie Queen: Ode • Marlowe = plays • Shakespeare • Comedy, tragedy, morality

  35. Renaissance Impact • Genius of humanity all at once… why? • Changed art & architecture forever • Individualism drives future thought

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