1 / 41

Grid Computing

Grid Computing. Yoab Gorfu Abe Guerra Kay Odeyemi Renel Smith. Presentation Outline. Introduction Architecture Large Deployment Example - National Fusion Grid Grid Toolkits Globus Toolkit Stateful Web Services. Introduction.

manju
Télécharger la présentation

Grid Computing

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Grid Computing Yoab Gorfu Abe Guerra Kay Odeyemi Renel Smith

  2. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Architecture • Large Deployment Example - National Fusion Grid • Grid Toolkits • Globus Toolkit • Stateful Web Services

  3. Introduction • “A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive, and inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities.” • Criteria for a Grid • Coordinates resources that are not subject to centralized control. • Uses standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces. • Delivers nontrivial qualities of service.

  4. Introduction • ‘Grid Problem’ - ‘coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations’ [1] • Virtual Organizations (VOs) • Vary dramatically • Core set of requirements

  5. Introduction • VO requirements • Flexibility • Control • Varied resources • Usage modes

  6. Introduction

  7. Introduction • Grid Computing Benefits: • Exploit underutilized resources • Resource balancing • Virtualize resources across an enterprise • Enable collaboration for virtual organizations

  8. Companies involved in Grid Computing • Avaki • Axceleon • CapCal • Centrata • DataSynapse • Distributed Science • Elepar • Entropia.com • Grid Frastructure • GridSystems • Groove Networks • IBM • Intel • Jivalti • Mithral • Mind Electric • Mojo Nation • NewsToYou.com • NICE, Italy • Noemix, Inc. • Oracle • Parabon • Platform Computing • Popular Power • Powerllel • ProcessTree • Sharman Networks Kazza • Sun Gridware • Sysnet Solutions • Tsunami Research • Ubero • United Devices • Veritas • Xcomp Source: http://www.gridcomputing.com/

  9. Computation Grid Projects • Particle Physics –global sharing of data and computation • Astronomy –‘Virtual Observatory' for multi-wavelength astrophysics • Chemistry –remote control of equipment and electronic logbooks • Engineering –industrial healthcare and virtual organizations • Bioinformatics –data integration, knowledge discovery and workflow • Healthcare –sharing normalized mammograms • Environment –Ocean, weather, climate modeling, sensor networks

  10. Grid Architecture • Protocol architecture • Standards-based open architecture offers: • Interoperability • Services • API flexibility

  11. Grid Architecture

  12. Grid Architecture • Fabric Layer – ‘provides the resources to which shared access is mediated by Grid protocols’ • Resource-specific operations • Functionality vs. simplicity

  13. Grid Architecture • Fabric layer should provide: • Enquiry mechanisms • Resource management mechanisms

  14. Grid Architecture • Connectivity Layer – ‘defines core communication and authentication protocols required for Grid-specific network transactions’ • Data exchange • Verification

  15. Grid Architecture • Connectivity layer should provide: • Single sign on • Delegation • Integration with various local security solutions • User-based trust relationships

  16. Grid Architecture • Resource Layer – ‘defines protocols for the secure negotiation, initiation, monitoring, control, accounting, and payment of sharing operations on individual resources’ • Use Fabric Layer functions • Information vs. Management protocols

  17. Grid Architecture • Resource layer should provide: • Fabric layer functionality • ‘exactly once’ semantics • Error reporting

  18. Grid Architecture • Collective Layer – ‘contains protocols and services which capture interactions across collections of resources’ • General vs. specific purpose

  19. Grid Architecture • Collective layer could provide: • Software discovery services • Community accounting and payment services • Collaboratory services

  20. Grid Architecture • Applications Layer – ‘comprises the user applications that operate within a VO environment.’

  21. National Fusion Grid • A Collaboratory Pilot project that is creating and deploying collaborative software tools throughout the magnetic fusion research community

  22. National Fusion Grid Simple Goals • To advance scientific understanding and innovation in magnetic fusion research by enabling more efficient use of existing experimental facilities and more effective integration of experiment, theory, and modelling. • To advance scientific understanding and innovation in fusion research • Making widespread use of Grid technologies • http://www.fusiongrid.org/

  23. National Fusion Grid VISION FOR THE FUSION GRID • Data, Codes, Analysis Routines, Visualization Tools should be thought of as network accessible services • Shared security infrastructure • Collaborative nature of research requires shared visualization applications and widely deployed collaboration technologies — Integrate geographically diverse groups • Not focused on CPU cycle scavenging or “distributed” supercomputing (typical Grid justifications) — Optimize the most expensive resource - people’s time

  24. National Fusion Grid • The problems of data sharing and rapid data analysis the National Fusion Collaboratory community adopted: • a common data acquisition and management system • common relational database run-management schema

  25. National Fusion Grid Geographically Diverse Community • 3 Large Experimental Facilities — Alcator, C-Mod, DIII-D — NSTX  ~$1B replacement cost • 40 U.S. fusion research sites — Over 1000 scientists in 37 state • Efficient collaboration is a requirement! — Integrate geographically diverse groups • One future worldwide machine — Not based in US — US needs collaboration tools to benefit

  26. National Fusion Grid • National Magnetic Fusion Research Community FUSION COMMUNITY HAS 40 US SITES IN 37 STATES

  27. National Fusion Grid Design and Implementation of Access Grid • Produced of both design and architecture documents for review by public (beginning introduction into GGF document process) • Demonstrated full-featured prototypes in Nov 2002 at SC2002 of new venue architecture, venue client, workspace docking complete with application sharing

  28. National Fusion Grid Building the Fusion Grid (Progressive testbeds) • Deployment Phrase • Use Policies and Issues of Trust • Moving to Real-Time • Wrapping it up

  29. Globus & the Globus Toolkit • Globus • Open source community focused on Grid computing • Globus Toolkit • Started in the late 1990’s to address common Grid application problems • … found at www.globus.org • Includes • A set of services focused on infrastructure management • Tools for building new Web services, in Java, C, and Python • Standards-based security infrastructure • Client APIs and command line programs

  30. Globus Toolkit & Web Services

  31. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web Services • Web Services Background • What is a Web Service? • Web Service Environments • A Brief Taxonomy of State and Services • Stateless Implementations, Stateful Interfaces

  32. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesWhat is a Web Service? • Machine to Machine over a network via exchange of SOAP messages • Conveyance via HTTP • Key facility in distributed environment known as SOA

  33. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesWhy Web Service in Grid Discussion? • Convergence in Grid and SOA • Many grid implementations use Web Services

  34. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesWeb Services are usually Stateless • All information needed by the service is contained in the input message • All results are return via the output message • The service does not ‘remember’ what it just did on completion • Not that useful for Grid

  35. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesState and Web Services • Most applications are not stateless • Grid application need their components to keep state • Web services can be components of Grid applications

  36. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesState and Web Services • Two general ways for representing state • The service keep track of it’s state • The service has other systems keep track of state for it • Ideally, Option 2 preferred

  37. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesWS-Resource • Protocol for modeling stateful resources • Standards for read, update and querying of state values.

  38. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesWS-Resource Lifecycle

  39. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesWS-Resource Example

  40. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web ServicesWS Resource – ACID properties • Atomicity • Consistency • Isolation • Durability

  41. References • Foster, Ian; “Globus Toolkit Version 4: Software for Service-Oriented Systems:, IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, Springer-Verlag LNCS 3779, pp 2-13, 2005 • Foster, Ian; “WS-Resource Framework: Globus Alliance Perspectives”, GlobusWORLD, January 20, 2004 • Foster, I., C. Kesselman, and S. Tuecke, The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 2001. 15(3): p. 200-222. • Foster, I., Frey, J., Graham, S., Tuecke, S., Czajkowski, K., Ferguson, D., Leymann, F., Nally, M., Storey, T. and Weerawaranna, S. Modeling Stateful Resources with Web Services. Globus Alliance, 2004. • Keahey, K, Fredian, T., Peng, D.P. Schissel, M. Thompson, I. Foster, M. Greenwald, D. McCune, Computational Grids in Action: The National Fusion Collaboratory, submitted to Future Generation Computer System, October 2002. 18(8): p. 1005-1015.

More Related