1 / 16

Ions

Ions. Remember…. Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom. The number of protons equal the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Atomic Mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom. 6p + + 6n 0 = 12 (atomic mass of carbon). Ions. A charged entity.

manju
Télécharger la présentation

Ions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ions

  2. Remember… • Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom. • The number of protons equal the number of electrons in a neutral atom. • Atomic Mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom. • 6p+ + 6n0 = 12 (atomic mass of carbon)

  3. Ions • A charged entity. • This occurs if the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons. • This only occurs when an electron is added or removed from an atom. • The number of protons never change. • An atom will gain or lose electrons to become more stable.

  4. 11 protons 11 electrons 11 protons 10 electrons Na+ Na Cations • ion with a positive charge. • If a neutral atom loses one or more electron it becomes a cation.

  5. 17 protons 18 electrons 17 protons 17 electrons Cl- Cl Anions • ion with a negativecharge. • If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes an anion.

  6. IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA N3- Li1+ Be2+ Li O2- F1- = 1 Angstrom Be C N O B F 0.88 0.77 0.70 0.66 0.64 1.71 1.40 1.36 1.52 1.11 0.60 0.31 Na Na1+ Mg2+ S2- Cl1- Al3+ Mg Al Si P S Cl 0.95 0.65 1.86 1.60 0.50 1.84 1.81 1.43 1.17 1.10 1.04 0.99 K Ca Se2- Br1- Ge As Se Br Ga Ga3+ K1+ Ca2+ 2.31 1.97 1.33 0.99 1.22 1.22 1.21 1.17 1.14 0.62 1.98 1.85 Rb Sr Te2- I1- In In3+ Sn Sb Te I Rb1+ Sr2+ 1.62 1.40 1.41 1.37 1.33 0.81 2.21 2.16 2.44 2.15 1.48 1.13 Cs Ba Pb Tl Tl3+ Cs1+ Bi Ba2+ 2.62 2.17 1.69 1.35 0.95 1.71 1.75 1.46 = 1 Angstrom Ionic Radii Atomic Radii IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

  7. A monatomic ioncontains only one atom Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3+, N3- A polyatomic ioncontains more than one atom OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3- 2.5

  8. H+ Li+ Be2+ Na+ Mg2+ K+ Ca2+ Rb+ Sr2+ Cs+ Ba2+ Oxidation State of Elements 18 Group 1 N OB L E G A S E S 1 1 13 15 17 2 14 16 N3- O2- F1- 2 2 Al3+ S2- Cl1- Transition metals 3 3 Zn2+ Se2- Br1- Period 4 4 Ag1+ Te2- I1- 5 5 6 6

  9. Some Polyatomic Ions 2.7

  10. PREDICTING ION CHARGES In general • metals (Mg) lose electrons ---> cations(Mg2+) • nonmetals (F) gain electrons ---> anions (F-)

  11. Learning Check – Counting State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these ions. 39 K+16O -241Ca +2 19 8 20 #p+ ______ ______ _______ #no ______ ______ _______ #e- ______ ______ _______

  12. EXAMPLE How would you right the symbol for the sodium CATION? Na +1 How many outer electrons does sodium have before it loses one? It has 1…remember the group number!

  13. ionic compoundsconsist of a cation and an anion • the sum of the charges on the cation and anion in each formula unit must equal zero The ionic compound NaCl 2.6

  14. 1 x +2 = +2 1 x +2 = +2 2 x +3 = +6 1 x -2 = -2 3 x -2 = -6 2 x -1 = -2 Formula of Ionic Compounds Al2O3 Al3+ O2- CaBr2 Ca2+ Br- Na2CO3 Na+ CO32- 2.6

  15. 1. sodium chloride 2. calcium oxide 3. potassium hydroxide 4. magnesium sulphide 5. copper(II) carbonate 6. aluminium oxide

More Related