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Tobacco 101

Tobacco 101. Introduction to Prevention and Control of Tobacco Use. Our Learning Environment. Training Topics. Learning Objectives. Describe the evolution of the tobacco control movement. Understand how events in U.S. history affected tobacco use.

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Tobacco 101

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  1. Tobacco 101 Introduction to Prevention and Control of Tobacco Use

  2. Our Learning Environment

  3. Training Topics

  4. Learning Objectives • Describe the evolution of the tobacco control movement. • Understand how events in U.S. history affected tobacco use. • Show you understand how tobacco use emerged as a public health problem.

  5. Learning Objectives • Look at the problem of tobacco use from a national perspective. • Obtain data on the prevalence and effects of tobacco use. • Understand the importance of local data. Prevalence of Tobacco Use

  6. Learning Objectives Impact of Tobacco Use • Discuss the health effects and health risks associated with tobacco use. • Discuss the health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke. • Understand and explain the economic effects of tobacco use.

  7. Learning Objectives • Discuss the physiological and psychological effects of tobacco use. • Describe how the tobacco industry influences tobacco use. • Discuss the government’s role in controlling tobacco use. Factors that Influence Use

  8. Evolution of Tobacco Control

  9. Evolution of Tobacco Control

  10. Evolution of Tobacco Control Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health Images Library

  11. Evolution of Tobacco Control Adult Per Capita Cigarette Consumption NumberofCigarettes Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and United States Department of Agriculture

  12. Evolution of Tobacco Control Adult Per Capita Cigarette Consumption Broadcast Ad Ban Surgeon General’s Report on Environmental Tobacco Smoke 1st Surgeon General’s Report End of WW II Master Settlement Agreement Number of Cigarettes Fairness Doctrine Messages on TV and Radio 1st Smoking- Cancer Concern Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Great Depression Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and United States Department of Agriculture

  13. Evolution of Tobacco Control 1910 – 1970 • U.S. enters World War I (1917) • The Great Depression (1929-early 1940s) • U.S. enters World War II (1941) • First modern reports link smoking & cancer (1950) • Surgeon General’s report on smoking and cancer (1964) • Fairness Doctrine messages on broadcast media (1967) • U.S. bans broadcast advertisements (1970)

  14. Evolution of Tobacco Control 1970 – 1998 • Nonsmokers’ rights movement begins (1976) • Federal cigarette tax doubles (1983) • Coalescence of modern advocacy movement (early 1980s) • Synar Amendment enacted (1992) • Environmental tobacco smoke listed as known human carcinogen (1992) • The Master Settlement Agreement (1998) • Maryland bans smoking in private workplaces (1998)

  15. Evolution of Tobacco Control 1999 – 2003 • Philip Morris reports “smoking saves money” to government of Czechoslovakia (2001) • Department of Transportation bans smoking on all international flights (2002) • WHO adopts Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2003) • New York State smoking ban goes into effect (2003)

  16. Evolution of Tobacco Control 2004 – 2009 • NASCAR drops R.J. Reynolds sponsorship (2004) • Westin prohibits smoking in all rooms (2005) • Annual reports on state tobacco funding begin (2005) • Adult smoking prevalence drops below 20% (2007) • Federal cigarette tax increases (2009) • FDA authority to regulate tobacco products (2009) • 18 states, DC, and Puerto Rico have smoke-free restaurants, bars, and workplaces (2010)

  17. Evolution of Tobacco Control: What Comes Next?

  18. Source:National Cancer Institute, Visuals Online

  19. Prevalence of Tobacco Use

  20. Prevalence of Tobacco Use Current user: A person who has smoked once in the last 30 days Prevalence of tobacco use: The proportion of current users in a population Prevalence rates measure: The use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and any other smoked tobacco products

  21. Prevalence of Tobacco Use Estimated deaths attributable to tobacco worldwide . . . 1965: 1 million 2000: 4.9 million By 2020: >9 million Source: World Health Organization & American Cancer Society, Tobacco Control Country Profiles 2003

  22. Prevalence of Tobacco Use US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the United States.

  23. Trends in SmokingAmong Adults Aged ≥25 Years, by Level of Education United States, 1970-2006 Source: Robert Wood Johnson ImpactTeen Tobacco Chart Book

  24. Prevalence in Smoking, 2009 US rates 2009 Men: 21.3% Women: 18.4% Total: 19.8% State with highest prevalence: Kentucky Men: 28.8% Women: 27.8% States with the lowest prevalence: Men: Connecticut16.6% Women: Utah8% Source: CDC : BRFSS, MMWR 2009;58:221-226

  25. Trends in Smoking Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years, by Race or Ethnicity, 1978-2007 Source: Robert Wood Johnson ImpactTeen Tobacco Chart Book, 2009

  26. Prevalence in Cigarette Smoking Current Smoking – by Age, 2009 Percent Source: CDC, Office on Smoking and Health, 2008

  27. Trends in Cigarette SmokingCurrent Smoking- Adults by Poverty Status 1983-2007 Source: Robert Wood Johnson ImpactTeen Tobacco Chart Book

  28. Trends in Smoking High School Students and Adults Source: CDC, Office on Smoking and Health

  29. Prevalence of Tobacco Use Current Smoking: Youth Data, 2008 3 million kids under 18 are current smokers 22% of high school students 6% of middle school students 3,500 kids try a cigarette each day 1,000 kids become regular smokers each day Source: Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids – Tobacco Use Among Youth, Smoking and Kids

  30. Prevalence of Tobacco Use Where do I find prevalence data specific to my state? • CDC State Highlights • National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) • Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) • State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System • Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

  31. Prevalence of Tobacco Use

  32. Prevalence of Tobacco Use 2007 Smoking Prevalence Rates Percent Source:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007

  33. Your State’s Prevalence Presenters Please change title and add data for the state where you’re conducting the training. Thank you.

  34. Impact of Tobacco Use

  35. Effects of Tobacco Use at Various Life Stages

  36. Impact of Tobacco Use • Tobacco Users’ Health • Secondhand Smoke • Economy • Tobacco Industry

  37. Impact of Tobacco Use “…the history of tobacco use can be thought of as the conflict between tobacco as an agent of economic gain and tobacco as an agent of human harm.” 2000 Surgeon General’s Report: Reducing Tobacco Use

  38. Impact of Tobacco Use Tobacco Users’ Health Source: Office on Smoking and Health and The American Lung Association

  39. Impact of Tobacco Use • Body systems affected by tobacco: • Reproductive system • Immune system • Nervous system • Cardiovascular system • Respiratory system • Muscular skeletal system • Organs affected by tobacco: • Stomach • Liver • Pancreas • Bladder • Larynx • Pharynx • Oral cavity • Lungs • Eyes

  40. Impact of Tobacco Use • Other conditions associated with tobacco use: • Oral/Laryngeal/Esophageal diseases • Dermatologic conditions • Tobacco use has been linked to • Cataracts • Macular degeneration • Gum disease • Osteoporosis • Peptic ulcers

  41. Impact of Tobacco Use • Maternal tobacco use affects the health of the unborn baby. • Tobacco use increases the risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature births.

  42. Impact of Tobacco UseTobacco Users’ Health • Q: How many people will die prematurely from a tobacco-related disease by 2030, if this level of tobacco use continues? Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Each year in the United States: 443,000people in U.S. die of a smoking-attributable illness

  43. Impact of Tobacco Use443,000 Deaths Each Year Attributable to Smoking 2000-2004 Other diagnosis 44,000 Other cancers 35,300 Stroke 15,900 Lung cancer 128,900 Chronic lung disease 92,900 Heart disease 126,000 Source:CDC, Office on Smoking and Health

  44. Impact of Tobacco UseSecondhand Smoke

  45. Impact of Tobacco UseSecondhand Smoke • Mainstream smoke • Sidestreamsmoke • Passiveand involuntary smoking • Environmental tobacco smoke Secondhand smoke affects both nonusers and users

  46. Impact of Tobacco UseSecondhand Smoke • SHS contains • 250 toxic chemicals • Over 50 carcinogens • Each year it causes • 3,400 deaths from lung cancer • Between 22,700 and 69,600 deaths from coronary heart disease • 8,000–26,000 new cases of asthma in children Source: CDC, Office on Smoking and Health and Campaign fro Tobacco-Free Kids

  47. Impact of Tobacco UseSecondhand Smoke There is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke. Even brief exposure is dangerous. 2006 Surgeon Generals Report, Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure

  48. Impact of Tobacco UseSecondhand Smoke – Children 280 children die each year 1,900 SIDS deaths 300 injuries from fires started by cigarettes Over 1 million illnesses in children Source:Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids

  49. Impact of Tobacco UseSecondhand Smoke Source: CDC, Office on Smoking and Health Cotinine is a biomarker of secondhand smoke exposure. With the increase in smoke-free air laws and the decrease in tobacco use, cotinine levels in nonsmokers have halved. Levels of cotinine fell by 70% from 1988-1991 to 2001-2002.

  50. Impact of Tobacco UseSecondhand Smoke • Nonsmokers are still suffering from the effects of secondhand smoke. • Industries whose employees are disproportionally affected by secondhand smoke: • Restaurant/bar industry • Casino/gaming industry • Other service industries CDC, Office on Smoking and Health

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