PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

2. Present Perfect Tense 1 (I have done) Vreme Present Perfect Simple gradi se uz pomocni glagol have/has i pro�li particip glavnog glagola. Past participle - kod pravilnih glagola na �ed (worked/decided/started), a kod nepravilnih poseban oblik (gone/done/written)

3. Forma � pravilni glagoli (arrive � arrived)

4. U govornom jeziku have se skracuje na �ve, a has na �s: Where�s your key? �I don�t know. I�ve lost it. (Gde ti je kljuc? �Ne znam. Izgubila sam ga.) Is Sally here? �No, she�s gone out. (Da li je Sali tu? �Ne, iza�la je.)

5. Forma � nepravilni glagoli (go-went-gone)

6. Upotreba Tom is looking for his key. He can�t find it. He has lost his key. He has lost his key = He lost it recently, and he doesn�t have it now. (Tom tra�i svoj kljuc. Ne mo�e da ga nade. Izgubio ga je. = to znaci da ga nema sada.) Present Perfect Simple je vreme koje ima vi�e upotreba, a odnosi se i na pro�lost i na sada�njost. Zbog toga se u srpskom nekad prevodi sada�njim, a nekad pro�lim vremenom.

7. Upotreba 1. Za radnju koja se desila u pro�losti ali rezultat postoji u sada�njosti: He told me his name, but I�ve forgotten it. (=I don�t remember it now) Maria�s English wasn�t very good, but it has improved. (=it is better now) It was warm this morning, but the temperature has dropped. (=it is colder now).

8. 2. za radnju koja se desila nedavno, u bliskoj pro�losti ili neposredno pre trenutka govora: Oh! I�ve cut my finger! The road is closed. There�s been an accident. Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

9. 3. Uz P.P.Simple koristimo priloge za vreme just, already, yet: Just = upravo, pre kratkog vremena. Are you hungry? �No, I�ve just had lunch. (Jesi li gladna? �Ne, upravo sam rucala). Already = vec Don�t forget to send the letter. �I�ve already sent it. (Ne zaboravi da po�alje� pismo. �Vec sam ga poslao) Yet = jo� (samo u upitnim i odricnim recenicama) I�ve written the letter, but I haven�t sent it yet. (Napisala sam pismo, ali ga jo� nisam poslala) Has it stopped raining yet?

10. 4. kada govorimo o radnji koja je pocela u pro�losti i jo� uvek traje u sada�njosti: Have you travelled a lot, Jane? �Yes, I�ve been to lots of places. (Da li si mnogo putovala?) Have you ever been to China? �Yes, I�ve been to China twice. (Da li si ikad bila u Kini?) Obicno se koristi s izrazima ever/never: Have you ever eaten caviar? (=in your life) (Da li ste nekad jeli kavijar?) I�ve never driven a motorbike. (Nikad nisam vozila motor.) That film was the most boring I�ve ever seen. (To je najdosadniji film koji sam ikad gledala)

11. 5. S izrazima recently / in the last few days / so far / for a long time � period koji traje i u sada�njosti: Have you heard from Brian recently? (Da li ti se javljao Brajan u poslednje vreme?) I�ve met a lot of people in the last few days. (Upoznala sam dosta ljudi poslednjih dana) Everything is going well. We haven�t had any problems so far. (Sve ide dobro. Do sada nismo imali nikakvih problema) We haven�t seen each other for a long time. (Dugo se nismo videli)

12. 6. today / this evening / this year ako period koji se pominje jo� uvek nije zavr�en. I�ve drunk four cups of coffee today. (Danas sam popila vec cetiri kafe) Have you had a holiday this year? (Da li si ove godine vec i�la na odmor) Rob hasn�t studied very hard this term. (Rob ba� ne uci ovog semestra)

13. Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple (I have done and I did) Tom is looking for his key. He can�t find it. He has lost his key. (present perfect) Rezultat u sada�nosti - nema kljuc. Tom has found his key. He has it now. He lost his key (past simple) but now he has found it. (present perfect) Bio ga je izgubio (past simple), ali sada ga je na�ao (rezultat u sada�njosti �ima kljuc)

14. Iako lici na pro�lo, a i prevodi se pro�lim vremenom, P.P. Simple je zapravo sada�nje vreme. Ono povezuje pro�lost i sada�njost, tj. govori o pro�loj radnji i o rezultatu te radnje u sada�njosti. (something has happened) Past Simple (something happened) govori samo o pro�losti. Ako ka�emo Tom lost his key, iz toga ne znamo da li sada ima kljuc ili ne. To nam samo govori o jednoj radnji koja je zavr�ena u pro�losti.

15. Present Perfect Simple koristimo za nove ili skorije dogadaje: I�ve repaired the TV. It�s working OK now. (Popravio sam televizor. Sada dobro radi) Have you heard the news? Sally has won the lottery! (Jesi li cuo novost? Sali je dobila na lutriji!) Past Simple koristimo za dalju pro�lost. Mozart was a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music. (Mocart je bio kompozitor. Napisao je vi�e od 600 kompozicija) Her mother grew up in Scotland. (Njena majka je odrasla u �kotskoj)

16. P.P.Simple se ne koristi za zavr�ene dogadaje (yesterday / 10 minutes ago / in 1999 / when I was a child), vec Past Simple: It was very cold yesterday. Paul and Lucy arrived 10 minutes ago. Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? Takode, uz pitanja when / what time: When did you arrive? What time did you finish work?

17. Poredenje P.P.Simple i Past Simple Present perfect simple Past simple Tom has lost his key. He can�t get into the house. (Tom je izgubio kljuc. Ne mo�e da ude u kucu) P.P.Simple koristimo za radnju zapocetu u pro�losti koja traje i u sada�njosti. Taj vremenski period nije zavr�en. I�ve done a lot of work today. Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldn�t get into the house. (Tom je juce izgubio kljuc. Nije mogao da ude u kucu) Past Simple koristimo za zavr�enu radnju u pro�losti. Taj vremenski period je zavr�en. I did a lot of work yesterday.

18. Present perfect simple Past simple It hasn�t rained this week. Have you seen Alice this morning? (jo� je jutro) We�ve been waiting for an hour (i jo� cekamo) Ian lives in London. He has lived there for seven years. I have never played golf. (in my life) It didn�t rain last week. Did you see Alice this morning? (popodne je ili vece) We waited for an hour (ali vi�e ne cekamo) Ian lived in Scotland for ten years. Now he lives in London. I didn�t play golf last summer.