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Parametric 3D Plotting with TI- Nspire CAS Technology

USACAS 8 International Conference Philadelphia, PA, USA March 8-10, 2013. Parametric 3D Plotting with TI- Nspire CAS Technology. Michel Beaudin É TS, Montréal, Canada. Overview. About ETS: our students, our tools. What’s New with TI- Npsire CAS?

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Parametric 3D Plotting with TI- Nspire CAS Technology

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  1. USACAS 8 International Conference Philadelphia, PA, USA March 8-10, 2013 Parametric 3D Plotting with TI-Nspire CAS Technology Michel Beaudin ÉTS, Montréal, Canada

  2. Overview About ETS: our students, our tools. What’s New with TI-NpsireCAS? Different Objects in the Same 2D Plot Window. Why is Parametric 3D Plotting so Important? Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting. Conclusion.

  3. About ETS: our Students, our Tools Engineering school in Montréal, Québec, Canada. Our students come from college technical programs. “Engineering for Industry”. More than 7000 students, 1700 new students each year. All math teachers and students have the same calculator and textbook.

  4. About ETS: Our Tools 1999: TI-92 Plus CAS handheld. 2002 : TI Voyage 200. 2011 : TI-nspire CX CAS. Different softwares (Derive, Maple, Matlab, DPGraph, Geogebra). Only CAS calculators are allowed during exams.

  5. What’s New with TI-Nspire CAS? Comparedto Voyage 200

  6. What’s New with TI-Nspire CAS? Compared to Voyage 200 • 2 platforms • managing documents • list and spreadsheet • fasterprocessor • (better for solving, Taylor polynomials, specialfunctions, …) • some CAS improvements • new graphicalcapabilities • animations : powerfultool for teaching • interactive geometry: « experimentalmathematics » • multiple 2D plots window(functions, parametric, scatter plot, etc.) • 3D parametric surfaces and curves (OS 3.2) Today, wewillmainly focus on parametric 3D plotting.

  7. Different Objects in the Same 2D Plot Window (In OS 3.2) The 2D plot window graph Entry/Edit accepts up to 7 different types but 2D implicit plots are still missing. Slider bars, animations, dynamic geometry, styles and colors make each of these 2D plot windows very attractive and useful for teaching mathematics and sciences.

  8. Different Objects in the Same 2D Plot Window Slider bars/animations, dynamic geometryand calculus are now used by teachers for showing many concepts: this was never done before. Here is a simple example. Two objects are moving in the plane, with respective given position at time t. When will the distance between them be the smallest? The next slide shows the situation.

  9. Different Objects in the Same 2D Plot Window

  10. Different Objects in the Same 2D Plot Window A word on implicit plotting: it is a must for multiple variable calculus (but probably not so important for college level). Here is a trick to “fake” implicit 2D plotting in Nspire CAS. To plot the graph of f(x, y) = 0, use f1(x) = zeros(f(x, y), y). Of course, the equation should be solvable for y.

  11. Different Objects in the Same 2D Plot Window Moreover, the “complex” format must be selected. Here are some examples. Let us take a look at this circle: And at this cubic polynomial equation:

  12. Different Objects in the Same 2D Plot Window Let us show, using Nspire CAS, how to plot the circle using different 2D plot windows. And let’s also show how to plot the implicit curve

  13. Why is Parametric 3D Plotting so Important? First of all, where do I find the 3D plot window? And what can I plot? How can I plot a surface defined by an equation of the form x = f(y,z) or by an equation of the form y = f(x, z)? How can I plot a circular cylinder? A sphere?

  14. Why is Parametric 3D Plotting so Important? For the sphere, the “trick” using “zeros” can be used but the graph won’t be attractive… Since OS 3.2, a new 3D plot type is available: PARAMETRIC. One or 2 parameters? A space curve or a surface?

  15. Why is Parametric 3D Plotting so Important? Parametric 3D plotting is important because: It yields nice graphs! We need to use mathematics in order to get something. This shows students the importance of some trig identities, some formulae, some techniques.

  16. Why is Parametric 3D Plotting so Important? Parametric 3D plotting is important but students will never master it if they never use it by themselves! This is why, at ETS, we want our students to use computer algebra in the classroom (with their handheld). Of course, 3D plotting is easier on the software version. But students can learn the basics with the handheld.

  17. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting Planes: the general equation is of the form Ax+ By + Cz= D. If we can solve for z, we can use the “classic” editor “z1(x, y) = ”. If C = 0, then parametric plotting is used: x can be t, z can be u and y depends on x (t).

  18. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting We will show the graph of the 2 intersecting planes: The first plane can be defined as: xp1(t, u) = t yp1(t, u) = 2 -t zp1(t, u) = u

  19. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting The second can also be described in parametric form (replacing x by t and y by u) or we can use the standard editor z1(x, y) = 2x- 3y + 1. Here is the result.

  20. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting To plot a circular cylinder like The first trig identity can be used: xp1(t, u) = u yp1(t, u) = - 1+ 2cos(t) zp1(t, u) = -2+ 2sin(t)

  21. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting We want a nice plot of the sphere We need to use spherical coordinates:

  22. Some Examples of parametric 3D plotting Students can produce animations: a “bumpy sphere” for example:

  23. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting Here are some plots of space curves. Suppose an object moves along the helix Here are the helix and the position vector (a line segment).

  24. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting Let us generate a torus: we will rotate a circle around the z-axis (a “rotation matrix” will be used). The circle is centered at (3, 0, 0), in the plane y = 0, and has a radius of 1. We should obtain this:

  25. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting

  26. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting Let us obtain a space curve by intersecting 2 surfaces, a sphere and a plane. The sphere will be and the plane will be

  27. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting We will use the (very useful) function “Complete the Square”. Moreover, students need to understand what an equation like “f(x, y) = 0” means in 2D and in 3D. We should obtain this:

  28. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting

  29. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting Let us obtain a space curve by intersecting 2 surfaces (no need of parametric plotting for the surfaces). The surfaces will be a parabolic cylinder and a paraboloïd:

  30. Some Examples of Parametric 3D Plotting Before Nspire CAS, all of these last examples were done (by me) using Derive(and students could not do it themselves before Nspire CAS CX).

  31. Conclusion When “implicit 3D plotting” will be available, it will be easier to plot any surface defined by an equation of the form f(x, y, z) = 0. But this is not so urgent because many important surfaces can be parametrized.

  32. Conclusion Also, when time comes to solve optimization problems (2 variables), the functions we are dealing with are of the form z = f(x, y). Since OS 3.2, my students are much more familiar with cylindrical and spherical coordinates than before.

  33. Conclusion They plot more 3D graphs than before and are proud to do it themselves. Mathematics ─ especially for future engineers ─ is a tool they will always need; and if it can have a little taste of “experimental sciences”, they don’t disagree!

  34. Conclusion The 3D plot window of Nspire CAS represents a big progress compared to what we used to have with V200. But, it would be nice if TI could add the possibility to plot space curves with different styles (line weight: thin, medium, thick as we have in 2D).

  35. Conclusion Also, if someone plots a point in space (using parametric plotting), the point is almost invisible! Unless you use the trick of plotting a “small” sphere! But, in any case, this does not affect the pleasure we have using Nspire CAS!!!

  36. Conclusion Website for Nspire CAS at ETS (in French): http://www.seg.etsmtl.ca/nspire/ Many documents on using Nspire CAS in teaching can be found. My personal homepage: https://cours.etsmtl.ca/seg/MBEAUDIN/ A library of functions is useful for engineering mathematics.

  37. Thank You!

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