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Introduction to Injections

Introduction to Injections. Administer and Monitor Medication in the Work Environment Topic 8 Intradermal. Intradermal Injection. Administered usually into the forearm. Other sites include the upper chest, the upper arm, and shoulder blades.

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Introduction to Injections

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  1. Introduction to Injections Administer and Monitor Medication in the Work Environment Topic 8 Intradermal

  2. Intradermal Injection • Administered usually into the forearm. Other sites include the upper chest, the upper arm, and shoulder blades. • given into the dermal layer of the skin, just under the epidermis. • Injected at about a 10 – 150 angle.

  3. Intradermal Injection • Only a very small dose can be given < 0.5ml, usually 0.01 – 0.1ml. • Used for TB & allergy testing. • As there is a reduced blood supply, drug absorption can occur slowly.

  4. Subcutaneous Injection • Administration sites include: abdomen, anterior thigh, and the fat pad over the deltoid muscle in the upper arm • given under the skin into the loose fat & connective tissue • Absorption of drug is via the capillaries ... slower acting than IM or IV • slow, steady absorption

  5. Injection Routes • Subcutaneous • should never be given into scar tissue, a lesion or over a bony prominence • As subcutaneous tissues contain pain receptors, only a small volume < 2ml should be given • Unsuitable for any drug that may be irritating to the tissues

  6. Injection Routes • Intramuscular - given into the muscle tissue below the fatty subcutaneous layer • Rich blood supply ... readily absorbed into the bloodstream • Suitable for drugs that are soluble, non irritant to soft tissue & require quick absorption

  7. Injection Routes • Intramuscular • Up to 4ml can be injected without causing undue discomfort • Solution can be more viscous than that given by SC route – permits thicker, oil based compounds

  8. Administering injections • Intradermal • these medications are very potent requiring very slow absorption • Only very small amounts can be administered 0.01 – 0.1ml • The needle is inserted at an angle of 10 – 15 0 to the skin - a small bleb should appear on the surface of the skin

  9. Administering injections • Intradermal • if a bleb doesn’t appear, most likely the medication has entered the sc tissue & any results from the skin testing will be invalid • The inner forearm & upper back are the most common sites used

  10. Administering injections • Intradermal What equipment do you need?

  11. Procedure • Intradermal injection - perform the standard protocol for beginning the procedure • Select injection site & clean skin with an alcohol swab; allow to dry • Expel any air from the syringe • Pull the skin taught & insert the needle into the skin approximately 3mm at a 10 – 150 angle, bevel face upwards

  12. Procedure • Intradermal • do not aspirate but inject slowly – it should produce a small bleb under the skin • Withdraw the needle smoothly & wipe the injection site • Do not massage – may disperse medication into sc layer • Complete the standard protocol for the completion of a procedure

  13. Things to consider… • Client must be observed closely as they may have a severe anaphylactic reaction if a test allergen is being injected • The site chosen should be free of lesions & only lightly pigmented – enables clear inspection & assessment of any changes from the injection

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