The Reformation and National Power 1500-1800

1. The Reformation and National Power1500-1800 Section 1: The Catholic Church Lost Power

2. Key Terms • Great Schism • Indulgences • Boniface VIII • 95 Theses (Pg. 386/389) • Act of Supremacy • Elizabeth I • Counter Reformation • Hapsburg • Edict of Nantes • Absolute Monarch • Cardinal Richelieu • Versailles (Pg. 399) • Prussia • Romanov (Pg. 402) • Hohenzollerns

3. Teaching Objective • Explain reasons for the decline of the Catholic Church. • Distinguish between the teachings of Luther and Calvin. • Define the meaning of the Counter Reformation. • Identify the political and military effects of the Reformation. • Explain the advantages/disadvantages of Absolutism. • Provide examples of absolute monarchy in eastern Europe.

4. Power politics affected the Church. • Becomes involved in politics • More powerful than the king or emperor • Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) Versus • King Philip IV of France (1285-1314) • Great Schism 1378-1417 • Split the papacy

5. Church seen as a secular state • Secular— complete separation of church and state • Power politics • Material wealth • Greed and Corruption • Indulgences—documents

6. The Reformation and National Power1500-1800 Section 2: The Reformation Divided Europe

7. Germany Was the Natural Place for the Reformation to Begin • Deep and serious feelings • Independent states that resisted control • Martin Luther

8. Anabaptists—3rd Branch • Characteristics of the Anabaptists Thomas Munster was one of the founders of the Anabaptist movement.

9. Fourth Branch of the Protestant Reformation Pages 392-394

10. Teaching Objectives • Discuss the fourth branch of the reformation • Describe the Counter Reformation and the widespread effects of both the Reformation and the Counter Reformation

11. The Fourth Branch of the Reformation • The Tudors England breaks with Rome • King Henry VIII • Catherine of Aragon • Mary • Anne Boleyn • Elizabeth I • Act of Supremacy

12. The Anglican Church • Henry VIII • Jane Seymour (#3) • Edward VI • Bloody Mary • Persecution of Protestants • Elizabeth I • Creates the Anglican Church

13. The Puritans and the Irish disagree with the Church of England • The Puritans object the Church of England • The Irish rebel Scottish vs. Irish still exists!

14. The Counter Reformation • The Roman Catholic Church tries to win people back • Jesuit Order • Ignatius Loyola • Council of Trent • Bans the abuse of the selling of indulgences and simony

15. Widespread Effects • Spread the ideas of democracy and representative government • Encouraged education • Aid religious tolerance and freedom

16. True or False? • Since Germans were not religious, Germany seemed an unlikely place to begin.

17. True or False? • Luther believed that human beings could be saved only by faith.

18. True or False? • Luther’s Ninety-five Theses condemned the sale of indulgences by the Church.

19. True or False? • Luther’s translation of the Bible into German brought both religious and cultural changes to Germany.

20. True or False? • The end of the civil wars in Germany in 1555 brought Protestants and Catholics closer together.

21. True or False? • The Lutheran Church was the only Protestant religion in Europe during the 16th century.

22. True or False? • Calvinism taught that each individual must earn salvation by doing good works.

23. True or False? • Elizabeth I fought to restore Catholicism to England.

24. True or False? • Henry VIII of England became head of the Anglican Church but recognized the pope’s authority over him.

25. True or False? • Anabaptists were pacifists who believed they owed allegiance only to God.

26. The Reformation and National Power1500-1800 Section 3: Religious Differences Mixed With Political Conflicts

27. The Hapsburgs Split the Empire • Charles V • Philip II—Spain • Ferdinand I—HRE • Philip II was a devout Catholic • Crush Protestants • The Inquisition • Military used to spread Catholicism

28. Mary I—Bloody Mary • Mary I takes over after Edward the VI dies of tuberculosis • Catholic • Marries Philip II • Bloody Mary—400 clergy executed • Dies of cancer

29. Elizabeth I • Mary’s half sister • Philip II asks for her hand in marriage • English sea captains pirated ships • Helped the protestants in the Netherlands • Defeats the Armada • Free and Protestant • Important naval power

30. Civil War in France • Huguenots vs. Catholics • Catherine de Medici—regent for her sons • Catholic • Bourbon Family • Southern France • Protestant • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre—10,000 people • Dies of pneumonia 1589

31. Henry of Navarre becomes King Henry IV • Converted to Catholicism • Edict of Nantes • Protect the liberties of the Huguenots • Allowed them to hold public office • First to permit more than one religion in the country

32. The Bourbons Take Over

33. The Reformation and National Power1500-1800 Section 4: France Becomes Europe’s Leading Power

34. Absolutism • Monarchs had complete control over nation • All laws & courts • Collect / Spend taxes • Control Army • Economy: Commerce & cities important, middle class economic and political importance = $$$ = Success • Louis XIV = Absolute Leader of France

35. The Reformation and National Power1500-1800 Section 5: Absolutist Monarchies Arose in Central and Eastern Europe

36. Eastern Europe Absolutism • Economy: Few cities existed, Church owned large amounts of land, medieval system of controlling land/labor = Success • “the Greats” • Comes with a price… • Treated people poorly • War important