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An Era of Expansion

An Era of Expansion. U.S. History Chapter 12. Temporary Peace. Political parties temporarily at peace in early 1820s Federalist party disappeared Only one party remained. Disputed Election. In 1824, the House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams as President

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An Era of Expansion

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  1. An Era of Expansion U.S. History Chapter 12

  2. Temporary Peace • Political parties temporarily at peace in early 1820s • Federalist party disappeared • Only one party remained

  3. Disputed Election • In 1824, the House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams as President • “Corrupt Bargain”: Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adams instead of Jackson • Clay became Secretary of State

  4. Disputed Election • Adams was unpopular: wanted to increase federal spending • People disliked his plan for economic growth; they feared the federal government would become too powerful

  5. Jacksonian Era • Andrew Jackson earned widespread support among voters as a champion of the common people • Common people: farmers and city workers

  6. Jacksonian Era • New political party: Democrats. Supported Jackson • 1828 election brought Jackson to office • Growing spirit of democracy

  7. Jacksonian Era • Growing spirit of equality increased suffrage • More people voted; a man no longer had to own property to vote • Suffrage: right to vote

  8. New political parties • Democrats supported Andrew Jackson • Whigs wanted federal government to help economy through programs for national growth; supporters of Adams

  9. “King” Andrew • Jackson had ability to lead and inspire • Quick to lose temper; dealt with enemies harshly • Wanted to expand powers of the Presidency

  10. “To the victor belong the spoils” • Spoils system: rewarding supporters with government jobs • Earned benefits = spoils • Andrew Jackson gave supporters jobs

  11. “Kitchen Cabinet” • Jackson relied on his unofficial advisers more than his Cabinet • Met with these advisers in the White House kitchen

  12. The Bank War • Jackson thought the Bank of the United States was too powerful. • He thought banks only helped the wealthy

  13. The Bank War • Jackson thought the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional. • He thought that states should charter banks

  14. 1828 Protective Tariff • Tariff of Abominations • Affected Southern planters by increasing the costs of European imports on which they depended

  15. Nullification • Vice President John Calhoun claimed states had the right to nullify, or cancel, a federal law that it considered unconstitutional. • Calhoun supported states’ rights

  16. Nullification Act • South Carolina passed Nullification Act, protesting the tariff of 1832. • The state also threatened to secede, or withdraw, from the Union

  17. Compromise Tariff • Jackson supported a lower tariff. Compromise • South Carolina had no other state support of Nullification Act, so repealed the Act.

  18. Native American Tragedy • Indian Removal Act forced many Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi • Trail of Tears; began in the Southeast and ended in Indian Territory

  19. Panic of 1837 • Worst economic crisis the nation had known • Speculators borrowed large sums of money from banks; many banks closed

  20. Martin Van Buren • President Martin Van Buren; tried to stabilize banking system, cut government expenses • Three-year depression • Depression: a period when business declines and many people lose their jobs

  21. Campaigns of 1840 • New politics: candidates competed for votes with rallies • Mudslinging: use of insults to attack reputation

  22. William Henry Harrison • Whigs presented their candidate, Harrison, as a common “man of the people” although he was educated and wealthy

  23. John Tyler • John Tyler, vice president, took over after Harrison’s death

  24. Review • Which president reward his supporters with government jobs? • Martin Van Buren • Thomas Jefferson • Andrew Jackson

  25. Review • Which president reward his supporters with government jobs? • Martin Van Buren • Thomas Jefferson • Andrew Jackson

  26. Review • What is this practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs called? • Spoils system • Suffrage • Nullification

  27. Review • What is this practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs called? • Spoils system • Suffrage • Nullification

  28. Review • What was Jackson’s group of unofficial advisers called? • Top Shelf • Kitchen Cabinet • Kitchen Table

  29. Review • What was Jackson’s group of unofficial advisers called? • Top Shelf • Kitchen Cabinet • Kitchen Table

  30. Review • Why did Jackson think the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional? • He thought states should charter banks • He thought the Bank sacrificed the needs of the wealthy • He knew the Bank’s charter was expired

  31. Review • Why did Jackson think the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional? • He thought states should charter banks • He thought the Bank sacrificed the needs of the wealthy • He knew the Bank’s charter was expired

  32. Review • Why did Jackson think about the Bank of the United States? • It helped mostly the wealthy • It helped mostly the poor • It was controlled by the states

  33. Review • Why did Jackson think about the Bank of the United States? • It helped mostly the wealthy • It helped mostly the poor • It was controlled by the states

  34. Review • Why did Jackson disapprove of the Bank of the United States? • He thought it was too powerful • He thought it granted too many loans • He thought Congress should run it

  35. Review • Why did Jackson disapprove of the Bank of the United States? • He thought it was too powerful • He thought it granted too many loans • He thought Congress should run it

  36. Review • Which of the following groups thought of Andrew Jackson as their champion? • Wealthy Southern planters • Native Americans in the North • Common people across the country

  37. Review • Which of the following groups thought of Andrew Jackson as their champion? • Wealthy Southern planters • Native Americans in the North • Common people across the country

  38. Review • What new political party supported Andrew Jackson? • Whigs • National Republicans • Democrats

  39. Review • What new political party supported Andrew Jackson? • Whigs • National Republicans • Democrats

  40. Review • Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election? • Adams appointed Clay to Vice President • Clay changed the final count of the popular vote • Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adams

  41. Review • Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election? • Adams appointed Clay to Vice President • Clay changed the final count of the popular vote • Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adams

  42. Review • Why did President Jackson’s opponents call him “King Andrew?” • His achievements in the War of 1812 • His experience as a lawyer • His intention to expand presidential powers

  43. Review • Why did President Jackson’s opponents call him “King Andrew?” • His achievements in the War of 1812 • His experience as a lawyer • His intention to expand presidential powers

  44. Review • Which was a cause of increased suffrage in the 1820s? • Growing spirit of equality in the U.S. • Influence of the Whig party • Increasing number of immigrants

  45. Review • Which was a cause of increased suffrage in the 1820s? • Growing spirit of equality in the U.S. • Influence of the Whig party • Increasing number of immigrants

  46. Review • Why did people oppose John Quincy Adams’ plan for economic growth? • They feared the federal government would become too powerful • They wanted Adams to spend more tax dollars on special programs • They feared states would become too powerful

  47. Review • Why did people oppose John Quincy Adams’ plan for economic growth? • They feared the federal government would become too powerful • They wanted Adams to spend more tax dollars on special programs • They feared states would become too powerful

  48. Review • What was the Trail of Tears? • Native Americans forcibly removed from Southeast to Indian Territory • Native Americans decided to relocate to more fertile land in the West • Native Americans removed from Indian Territory to the Southeast

  49. Review • What was the Trail of Tears? • Native Americans forcibly removed from Southeast to Indian Territory • Native Americans decided to relocate to more fertile land in the West • Native Americans removed from Indian Territory to the Southeast

  50. Review • What is nullification? • Practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs • Act of canceling a law • Number equal to more than one-half

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