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Paleontology Earth History

Paleontology Earth History. What is Evolution. Genetic change over time Resulting in new species There is more to evolution than Change Trees change, mountains change Evolution is a change in genes that control traits in an organism. Why. The Environment changes

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Paleontology Earth History

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  1. PaleontologyEarth History

  2. What is Evolution • Genetic change over time • Resulting in new species • There is more to evolution than Change • Trees change, mountains change • Evolution is a change in genes that control traits in an organism

  3. Why • The Environment changes • A trait which is good for one environment may not be good for different environment • Basketball v. Football • Playing a guitar v. Flute • Geometry v. Algerbra

  4. How do changes take place • Natural Selection • Nature chooses • Conditions in nature select for traits in organism which will make that organism the most successful. • Selected for…Passed on • Selected against…extinct

  5. Natural Selection v. Artificial Selection • Natural…Nature chooses • Artificial Selection…Humans choose

  6. Artificial Selection • All that you see are things that humans have chosen • The stuff you don’t see are items we have not selected for…they may become extinct...or retro in twenty years. • Music, clothes, TV, etc. Anything “popular” has been selected for. The unpopular…not around.

  7. Natural Selection…How does it work? • More organism are born than can survive. • All of the organisms (offspring) will have genetic changes due to sexual reproduction and mutation • Some of these changes will be beneficial to an organism. These benefits lead to a stronger organism. • These stronger traits are pass down to future generations.

  8. Paleontology • What happened • Why did it happen • When did it happen • Order of occurrence

  9. SuperpositionOldest on Bottom…Youngest on top

  10. Superposition In Chicago

  11. Uniformitarianism • Process going on today have been going on since the earth formed 4.5 bya • Weathering • Erosion • Plate Tectonics

  12. vs. Catastrophisma series of catastrophes created the earth

  13. Relative Dating • No…its not something they do in Kentucky • Compare several items of first to occur to last to occur • No exact age is applied • I am older than you. My dad is older than me

  14. Oldest to Youngest

  15. Absolute dating • How many years ago • Assign and age to a fossil

  16. How to assign age • Tree rings • Radioactive decay • Process by which a radioactive material becomes stable • Nothing effects the rate of decay • Excellent tool to measure age • Isotope (parents) decay (become stable) into daughter C-14 decays into N-14

  17. Cladistics • Uses absolute age • Uses DNA (comparative Genetic Material) • Create a Logical progression of the evolution of similar species

  18. Cladistics

  19. Another Vert Evolution

  20. Vert Evolution

  21. Evol of dinos

  22. Dinosaurs

  23. Primate Evolution

  24. Humans did not evolve from “ApesThey have a common ancestor

  25. Human Migration…out of Africa

  26. SPECIES TIME PERIOD Ardipithicus ramidus 5 to 4 million years ago Australopithecus anamensis 4.2 to 3.9 million years ago Australopithecus afarensis 4 to 2.7 million years ago Australopithecus africanus 3 to 2 million years ago Australopithecus robustus 2.2 to 1.6 million years ago Homo habilis 2.2 to 1.6 million years ago Homo erectus 2.0 to 0.4 million years ago Homo sapiens archaic 400 to 200 thousand years ago Homo sapiens neandertalensi 200 to 30 thousand years ago Homo sapiens sapiens 200 thousand years ago to present

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