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Introduction to the ROOT framework root.cern.ch

Introduction to the ROOT framework http://root.cern.ch. Ren é Brun CERN. Do-Son school on Advanced Computing and GRID Technologies for Research Institute of Information Technology, VAST, Hanoi. What's ROOT?. ROOT Application Domains. Data Analysis & Visualization. General Framework.

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Introduction to the ROOT framework root.cern.ch

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  1. Introduction tothe ROOT frameworkhttp://root.cern.ch René Brun CERN Do-Son school on Advanced Computing and GRID Technologies for Research Institute of Information Technology, VAST, Hanoi

  2. What's ROOT? René Brun

  3. ROOT Application Domains Data Analysis & Visualization General Framework Data Storage: Local, Network René Brun

  4. ROOT in a Nutshell • The ROOT system is an Object Oriented framework for large scale data handling applications. It is written in C++. • Provides, among others, • an efficient data storage and access system designed to support structured data sets (PetaBytes) • a query system to extract data from these data sets • a C++ interpreter • advanced statistical analysis algorithms (multi dimensional histogramming, fitting, minimization and cluster finding) • scientific visualization tools with 2D and 3D graphics • an advanced Graphical User Interface • The user interacts with ROOT via a graphical user interface, the command line or scripts • The command and scripting language is C++, thanks to the embedded CINT C++ interpreter, and large scripts can be compiled and dynamically loaded. • A Python shell is also provided. René Brun

  5. ROOT: An Open Source Project • The project was started in 1995. • The project is developed as a collaboration between: • Full time developers: • 11 people full time at CERN (PH/SFT) • +4 developers at Fermilab/USA, Protvino , JINR/Dubna (Russia) • Large number of part-time contributors (155 in CREDITS file) • A long list of users giving feedback, comments, bug fixes and many small contributions • 2400 registered to RootForum • 10,000 posts per year • An Open Source Project, source available under the LGPL license René Brun

  6. More information... • http://root.cern.ch • Download • Documentation • Tutorials • Online Help • Mailing list • Forum René Brun

  7. Install ROOT • Download & extract ROOT v5.16/00 from http://root.cern.ch/root/Version516.html • Set of precompiled versions and source code • Set environment • export ROOTSYS=<path-to-installation> • export PATH=$ROOTSYS/bin:$PATH • export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROOTSYS/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH • export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ROOTSYS/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH (MacOS X only) • Compile source code (if chosen) • cd $ROOTSYS • ./configure • make • More information at http://root.cern.ch/root/Install.html René Brun

  8. ROOT Library Structure ROOT libraries are a layered structure • CORE classes always required: support for RTTI, basic I/O and interpreter • Optional libraries loaded when needed. Separation between data objects and the high level classes acting on these objects. Example: a batch job uses only the histogram library, no need to link histogram painter library • Shared libraries reduce the application size and link time • Mix and match, build your own application • Reduce dependencies via plug-in mechanism René Brun

  9. Three User Interfaces • GUIwindows, buttons, menus • Command lineCINT (C++ interpreter),Python, Ruby,… • Macros, applications, libraries (C++ compiler and interpreter) { // example // macro ... } René Brun

  10. CINT Interpreter

  11. CINT in ROOT • CINT is used in ROOT: • As command line interpreter • As script interpreter • To generate class dictionaries • To generate function/method calling stubs • Signals/Slots with the GUI • The command line, script and programming language become the same • Large scripts can be compiled for optimal performance René Brun

  12. Compiled versus Interpreted • Why compile? Faster execution, CINT has limitations… • Why interpret? Faster Edit → Run → Check result → Edit cycles ("rapid prototyping"). Scripting is sometimes just easier. • Are Makefiles dead? No! if you build/compile a very large application Yes! ACLiC is even platform independent! René Brun

  13. Running Code To run function mycode() in file mycode.C: root [0].x mycode.C Equivalent: load file and run function: root [1].L mycode.C root [2]mycode() All of CINT's commands (help): root [3].h René Brun

  14. Running Code Macro: file that is interpreted by CINT (.x) Execute with .x mymacro.C(42) int mymacro(int value) { int ret = 42; ret += value; return ret; } René Brun

  15. Unnamed Macros No functions, just statements Execute with .x mymacro.CNo functions thus no arguments Recommend named macros!Compiler prefers it, too… { float ret = 0.42; return sin(ret); } René Brun

  16. Named Vs. Unnamed Named: function scope unnamed: global mymacro.C: unnamed.C: Back at the prompt: void mymacro() { int val = 42; } { int val = 42; } root [] val (int)42 root [] val Error: Symbol val is not defined René Brun

  17. Survivors: Heap Objects void mymacro() { MyClass obj; } MyClass* mymacro() { MyClass* pObj = new MyClass(); return pObj; } René Brun obj local to function, inaccessible from outside: Instead: create on heap, pass to outside: pObj gone – but MyClass still where pObj pointed to! Returned by mymacro()

  18. Running Code – Libraries "Library": compiled code, shared library CINT can call its functions! Build a library: ACLiC! "+" instead of Makefile(Automatic Compiler of Libraries for CINT) CINT knows all its functions / types: .x something.C(42)+ something(42) René Brun

  19. My first session root root [0]344+76.8 (const double)4.20800000000000010e+002 root [1]float x=89.7; root [2]float y=567.8; root [3]x+sqrt(y) (double)1.13528550991510710e+002 root [4]float z = x+2*sqrt(y/6); root [5]z (float)1.09155929565429690e+002 root [6].q root See file $HOME/.root_hist root [0]try up and down arrows René Brun

  20. My second session root root [0].x session2.C for N=100000, sum= 45908.6 root [1]sum (double)4.59085828512453370e+004 Root [2] r.Rndm() (Double_t)8.29029321670533560e-001 root [3].q session2.C { int N = 100000; TRandom r; double sum = 0; for (int i=0;i<N;i++) { sum += sin(r.Rndm()); } printf("for N=%d, sum= %g\n",N,sum); } unnamed macro executes in global scope René Brun

  21. My third session root root [0].x session3.C for N=100000, sum= 45908.6 root [1]sum Error: Symbol sum is not defined in current scope *** Interpreter error recovered *** Root [2] .x session3.C(1000) for N=1000, sum= 460.311 root [3].q session3.C void session3 (int N=100000) { TRandom r; double sum = 0; for (int i=0;i<N;i++) { sum += sin(r.Rndm()); } printf("for N=%d, sum= %g\n",N,sum); } Named macro Normal C++ scope rules René Brun

  22. My third session with ACLIC root [0] gROOT->Time(); root [1].x session4.C(10000000) for N=10000000, sum= 4.59765e+006 Real time 0:00:06, CP time 6.890 root [2].x session4.C+(10000000) for N=10000000, sum= 4.59765e+006 Real time 0:00:09, CP time 1.062 root [3] session4(10000000) for N=10000000, sum= 4.59765e+006 Real time 0:00:01, CP time 1.052 root [4].q session4.C #include “TRandom.h” void session4 (int N) { TRandom r; double sum = 0; for (int i=0;i<N;i++) { sum += sin(r.Rndm()); } printf("for N=%d, sum= %g\n",N,sum); } File session4.C Automatically compiled and linked by the native compiler. Must be C++ compliant René Brun

  23. Macros with more than one function root [0] .x session5.C >session5.log root [1].q root [0] .L session5.C root [1]session5(100); >session5.log root [2]session5b(3) sum(0) = 0 sum(1) = 1 sum(2) = 3 root [3].q session5.C void session5(int N=100) { session5a(N); session5b(N); gROOT->ProcessLine(“.x session4.C+(1000)”); } void session5a(int N) { for (int i=0;i<N;i++) { printf("sqrt(%d) = %g\n",i,sqrt(i)); } } void session5b(int N) { double sum = 0; for (int i=0;i<N;i++) { sum += i; printf("sum(%d) = %g\n",i,sum); } } .x session5.C executes the function session5 in session5.C usegROOT->ProcessLine to execute a macro from a macro or from compiled code René Brun

  24. Running a script in batch mode • root –b –q myscript.C • myscript.C is executed by the interpreter • root –b –q myscript.C(42) • same as above, but giving an argument • root –b –q myscript.C+ • myscript.C is compiled via ACLIC with the native compiler and linked with the executable. • root –b –q myscript.C++g(42) • same as above. Script compiled in debug mode and an argument given. René Brun

  25. Calling interpreter in a macro • All CINT commands can be excuted from an interpreted macro or from compiled code. • gROOT->ProcessLine(“.x myscript.C”); René Brun

  26. ROOT Tutorials & Doc • See Users Guide (pdf) at • See online Reference Manual at • Execute tutorials at $ROOTSYS/tutorials • 293 tutorials in the following directories foam gui matrix spectrum xml hist mlp splot net sql geom physics gl image pyroot thread fft graphics io pythia tree fit graphs math quadp ruby unuran René Brun

  27. rootcint –f MyDict.cxx –c MyClass.h MyDict.h MyDict.cxx compile and link libMyClass.so Generating a Dictionary MyClass.h MyClass.cxx René Brun

  28. HTML René Brun 28

  29. Math TMVA SPlot René Brun

  30. Graphics & GUI

  31. TPad: main graphics container Root > TLine line(.1,.9,.6,.6) Root > line.Draw() Root > TText text(.5,.2,”Hello”) Root > text.Draw() Hello The Draw function adds the object to the list of primitives of the current pad. If no pad exists, a pad is automatically created with a default range [0,1]. When the pad needs to be drawn or redrawn, the object Paint function is called. Only objects deriving from TObject may be drawn in a pad Root Objects or User objects René Brun

  32. Basic Primitives TLine TArrow TEllipse TButton TBox TCurvyLine TDiamond TText TPave TMarker TPavesText TCrown TPaveLabel TCurlyArc TPolyLine TLatex René Brun

  33. Full LateXsupport on screen and postscript latex3.C Formula or diagrams can be edited with the mouse Feynman.C TCurlyArc TCurlyLine TWavyLine and other building blocks for Feynmann diagrams René Brun

  34. Graphs TGraphErrors(n,x,y,ex,ey) TGraph(n,x,y) gerrors2.C TCutG(n,x,y) TMultiGraph TGraphAsymmErrors(n,x,y,exl,exh,eyl,eyh) René Brun

  35. Graphics examples René Brun

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  39. Graphics (2D-3D) TH3 TGLParametric “LEGO” “SURF” TF3 René Brun

  40. ASImage: Image processor René Brun

  41. GUI (Graphical User Interface) René Brun

  42. Canvas tool bar/menus/help René Brun

  43. Object editor Click on any object to show its editor René Brun

  44. TBrowser: a dynamic browser see $ROOTSYS/test/RootIDE René Brun

  45. TBrowser Editor René Brun

  46. // transient frame TGTransientFrame *frame2 = new TGTransientFrame(gClient->GetRoot(),760,590); // group frame TGGroupFrame *frame3 = new TGGroupFrame(frame2,"curve"); TGRadioButton *frame4 = new TGRadioButton(frame3,"gaus",10); frame3->AddFrame(frame4); GUI C++ code generator • When pressing ctrl+S on any widget it is saved as a C++ macrofile thanks to the SavePrimitive methods implemented in all GUI classes. The generated macro can be edited and then executed via CINT • Executing the macro restores the complete original GUI as well as all created signal/slot connections in a global way root [0] .x example.C René Brun

  47. The GUI Builder • The GUI builder provides GUI tools for developing user interfaces based on the ROOT GUI classes. It includes over 30 advanced widgets and an automatic C++ code generator. René Brun

  48. More GUI Examples $ROOTSYS/tutorials/gui $ROOTSYS/test/RootShower $ROOTSYS/test/RootIDE René Brun

  49. Geometry The GEOMetry package is used to model very complex detectors (LHC). It includes -a visualization system -a navigator (where am I, distances, overlaps, etc) René Brun

  50. OpenGL see $ROOTSYS/tutorials/geom René Brun

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