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The Citric Acid Cycle: Fueling ATP Production and Biosynthesis

Explore the intricacies of the Citric Acid Cycle, a central metabolic pathway for energy production. This chapter delves into glycolysis, the entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, and the critical roles of various enzymes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. Understand how reduced coenzymes drive ATP synthesis, with a total yield of 10 ATPs from one acetyl-CoA molecule. Additionally, learn about anaplerotic reactions that replenish cycle intermediates and the integration of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates into cellular metabolism.

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The Citric Acid Cycle: Fueling ATP Production and Biosynthesis

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  1. Chapter 12 (part 1) Citric Acid Cycle

  2. Gylcolysis Electron Transport and Oxidative phosphorylation TCA Cycle

  3. Entry into the TCA Cycle

  4. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

  5. Citrate Synthase • Only step in TCA cycle that involves the formation of a C-C bond

  6. Aconitase

  7. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

  8.  -Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase

  9. Succinyl-CoA Synthetase

  10. Fumarase

  11. Malate Dehydrogenase

  12. Reduced Coenzymes Fuel ATP Production • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20  HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ • Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 NADH=2.5 ATP • a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 1 NADH=2.5 ATP • Succinyl-CoA synthetase 1 GTP=1 ATP • Sunccinate dehydrogenase 1 QH2=1.5 ATP • Malate Dehydrogenase 1 NADH=2.5 ATP • Total of 10 ATPs gained from oxidation of 1 Acetyl-CoA

  13. Regulation of TCA Cycle

  14. Protein/amino acid Catabolites feed Into the TCA Cycle

  15. Fats breakdown and feed into the TCA Cycle

  16. TCA Cycle provides intermediates for many biosynthetic processes

  17. The Anaplerotic Reactions • The "filling up" reactions • PEP carboxylase - converts PEP to oxaloacetate • Pyruvate carboxylase - converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate • Malic enzyme converts pyruvate into malate

  18. Following the carbons through the TCA cycle

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