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CS 1302 Computer Networks — Unit - 4 — — Transport Layer —

CS 1302 Computer Networks — Unit - 4 — — Transport Layer —. Text Book Behrouz .A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGrawHill, 2004. Transport Layer. Position of transport layer. Transport layer duties. Chapters. Chapter 22 Process-to-Process Delivery.

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CS 1302 Computer Networks — Unit - 4 — — Transport Layer —

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  1. CS 1302Computer Networks— Unit - 4 —— Transport Layer — • Text Book Behrouz .A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGrawHill, 2004 Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  2. Transport Layer Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  3. Position of transport layer Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  4. Transport layer duties Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  5. Chapters Chapter 22 Process-to-Process Delivery Chapter 23 Congestion Control and QoS Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  6. Chapter 22 Process-to-ProcessDelivery:UDP and TCP Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  7. 22.1 Process-to-Process Delivery Client-Server Paradigm Addressing Multiplexing and Demultiplexing Connectionless/Connection-Oriented Reliable/Unreliable Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  8. Note: The transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  9. Figure 22.1Types of data deliveries Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  10. Figure 22.2Port numbers Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  11. Figure 22.3IP addresses versus port numbers Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  12. Figure 22.4IANA ranges Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  13. Figure 22.5Socket address Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  14. Figure 22.6Multiplexing and demultiplexing Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  15. Figure 22.7Connection establishment Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  16. Figure 22.8Connection termination Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  17. Figure 22.9Error control Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  18. 22.2 UDP Port Numbers User Datagram Applications Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  19. Note: UDP is a connectionless, unreliable protocol that has no flow and error control. It uses port numbers to multiplex data from the application layer. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  20. Table 22.1 Well-known ports used by UDP Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  21. Figure 22.10User datagram format Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  22. Note: The calculation of checksum and its inclusion in the user datagram are optional. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  23. Note: UDP is a convenient transport-layer protocol for applications that provide flow and error control. It is also used by multimedia applications. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  24. 22.3 TCP Port Numbers Services Sequence Numbers Segments Connection Transition Diagram Flow and Error Control Silly Window Syndrome Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  25. Table 22.2 Well-known ports used by TCP Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  26. Figure 22.11Stream delivery Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  27. Figure 22.12Sending and receiving buffers Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  28. Figure 22.13TCP segments Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  29. Example 1 Imagine a TCP connection is transferring a file of 6000 bytes. The first byte is numbered 10010. What are the sequence numbers for each segment if data are sent in five segments with the first four segments carrying 1000 bytes and the last segment carrying 2000 bytes? Solution The following shows the sequence number for each segment: Segment 1==> sequence number: 10,010 (range: 10,010 to 11,009) Segment 2 ==> sequence number: 11,010 (range: 11,010 to 12,009) Segment 3==> sequence number: 12,010 (range: 12,010 to 13,009) Segment 4 ==> sequence number: 13,010 (range: 13,010 to 14,009) Segment 5 ==> sequence number: 14,010 (range: 14,010 to 16,009) Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  30. Note: The bytes of data being transferred in each connection are numbered by TCP. The numbering starts with a randomly generated number. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  31. Note: The value of the sequence number field in a segment defines the number of the first data byte contained in that segment. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  32. Note: The value of the acknowledgment field in a segment defines the number of the next byte a party expects to receive. The acknowledgment number is cumulative. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  33. Figure 22.14TCP segment format Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  34. Figure 22.15Control field Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  35. Table 22.3 Description of flags in the control field Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  36. Figure 22.16Three-step connection establishment Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  37. Figure 22.17Four-step connection termination Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  38. Table 22.4 States for TCP Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  39. Figure 22.18State transition diagram Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  40. Note: A sliding window is used to make transmission more efficient as well as to control the flow of data so that the destination does not become overwhelmed with data. TCP’s sliding windows are byte-oriented. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  41. Figure 22.19Sender buffer Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  42. Figure 22.20Receiver window Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  43. Figure 22.21Sender buffer and sender window Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  44. Figure 22.22Sliding the sender window Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  45. Figure 22.23Expanding the sender window Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  46. Figure 22.24Shrinking the sender window Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  47. Note: In TCP, the sender window size is totally controlled by the receiver window value (the number of empty locations in the receiver buffer). However, the actual window size can be smaller if there is congestion in the network. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  48. Note: Some points about TCP’s sliding windows: The source does not have to send a full window’s worth of data. The size of the window can be increased or decreased by the destination. The destination can send an acknowledgment at any time. Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  49. Figure 22.25Lost segment Unit-4 : Transport Layer

  50. Figure 22.26Lost acknowledgment Unit-4 : Transport Layer

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