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Religion Notes

Religion Notes. Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. it reflects identity it is a great binding force it is the guiding rule of daily life it sets standards for people’s behavior and actions. Religion is constantly changing.

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Religion Notes

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  1. Religion Notes Chapter 7

  2. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. • it reflects identity • it is a great binding force • it is the guiding rule of daily life • it sets standards for people’s behavior and actions

  3. Religion is constantly changing. • great religions have diffused across boundaries • conversions occur due to the spread of new beliefs • Like language…interaction through people can change religion • Conversion & Migration (allowed major religions of the world to diffuse across cultural barriers and language boundaries) • What role do missionaries play?

  4. Religion plays an important role in the cultural landscape. • churches & mosques • sale of alcohol • modes of dress • cultural and personal habits

  5. Judaism in Jerusalem: • The Western Wall

  6. Christianity in Jerusalem: • Church of the Holy Sepulchre

  7. Islam in Jerusalem: • Dome of the Rock

  8. Christianity: • Catholic Cathedrals

  9. Christianity: • Vatican City

  10. Christianity: • Lutheran Churches

  11. Christianity: • Baptist Churches

  12. Islam: • Mosques

  13. Islam: • Ka’aba

  14. Sequent Occupance: • Hagia Sophia

  15. Buddhism: • Bodh Gaya

  16. Buddhism: • Pagoda Stupas

  17. Hinduism: • Temples

  18. Hinduism: • Ganges River

  19. Lilburn, GA

  20. The Men-An-Tol Stones in Cornwall are famous in local folklore for their supposed healing properties. Located near Penzance, pilgrims should crawl through the centre stone in the direction of the sun to cure such ailments as rheumatism and spinal problems. Many people who have made the trip tell of feelings of euphoria after passing through the stone.

  21. The mysterious mountaintop shrine of Nemrut Dagi, in south-central Turkey, was known only to local herders until it was 'discovered' in 1881. Believed to be the burial site of Antiochus, a king from the first century BC, it is a mixture of temples, sculptures and terraces built at an altitude of over 7,000 feet.

  22. The mountain of Nantai-San in Japan is a favored site for Buddhist meditation and has been a place of pilgrimage since the fourth century.

  23. Why is religion such a difficult concept to define? • “a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities.” • “perceived ultimate priorities” is explained in terms of “should”: people explain and justify how they and others “should” behave based on their religious beliefs • the idea of a good life vs bad life (reward vs punishment)

  24. Religion manifests itself in many different ways. • ancestor worship • nature worship • belief in a deity or deities • rituals and ceremonies • simple or complex organizations

  25. Religion has had powerful effects on human societies. • it is a major force in helping people • it is, at times, an oppressive force • it is complex and controversial

  26. Types of Religions: • Monotheistic religions worship a single deity, God, or Allah • Polytheistic religions worship more than one deity • Animistic religions are centered on the belief that inanimate objects such as mountains and rivers possess spirits and should therefore be revered.

  27. History • throughout most of human history virtually all religions have been either animistic or polytheistic (or both) • 1st monotheistic religion developed in Southwest Asia (Zorastrianism) • there is some controversy over whether Judaism was the first monotheistic religion….however, the eventual diffusion of religions influenced by monotheism (Christianity and Islam) spread monotheistic ideas throughout much of the world • By 500 BCE (Before the Common Era) four major hearths of religion and philosophy were developed in the world

  28. 4 Hearths: • Greek Philosophy: northern Mediterranean Sea • Hinduism: Indus River Valley • Judaism: eastern Mediterranean Sea • Chinese Philosophy: Huang He

  29. Christianity and Islam (the greatest number of followers today) • Christianity- 1.5 billion followers • Islam- Over 1 billion • -fastest growing religion • *Islam – the religion • *Muslim- person who follows Islam

  30. World Distribution of Religions Fig. 6-1: World religions by continent.

  31. World Population by Religion Fig. 6-1a: Over two-thirds of the world’s population belong to Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. Christianity is the single largest world religion.

  32. Muslims

  33. Christianity in the US: • New England- Catholic • South- Baptist • Upper Middle West- Lutherans • Utah area- Mormons • New Orleans- French Catholic • SEE MAP IN TEXT- - - AP TEST ALWAYS HAS QUESTIONS ON THIS!!

  34. Christian Branches in the U.S. Fig. 6-3: Distribution of Christians in the U.S. Shaded areas are counties with more than 50% of church membership concentrated in Roman Catholicism or one of the Protestant denominations.

  35. Latter-Day Saints

  36. Eastern Orthodox

  37. Mennonite

  38. Amish

  39. Friends (Quaker)

  40. Settlements

  41. World Religions Today: • Sources and Distribution • Universalizing religions- sometimes called global religions. These are religions that actively seek converts because they view themselves as offering belief systems of universal appropriateness and appeal.

  42. All of the widespread universalizing religions have common characteristics. • they are universalizing (global) • they seek converts • they are of ancient origin • Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam are examples

  43. Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Fig. 6-4: Each of the three main universalizing religions diffused widely from its hearth.

  44. Ethnic or cultural religions • tend to be spatially concentrated. • they usually do not seek converts outside the group • Hinduism and Judaism are examples of this • the exception to concentration is Judaism because Jews are dispersed throughout the world

  45. Shintoism and Buddhism in Japan Fig. 6-8: Since Japanese can be both Shinto and Buddhist, there are many areas in Japan where over two-thirds of the population are both Shinto and Buddhist.

  46. Major World Religions: • Hinduism (class project) • Buddhism (class project) • Taoism (class project) • Confucianism (class project) • Judaism (class project) • Christianity (class project) • Islam (class project) • Traditional/Shamanist (class project)

  47. Diffusion of Christianity Fig. 6-5: Christianity diffused from Palestine through the Roman Empire and continued diffusing through Europe after the fall of Rome. It was later replaced by Islam in much of the Mideast and North Africa.

  48. Diffusion of Islam Fig. 6-6: Islam diffused rapidly and widely from its area of origin in Arabia. It eventually stretched from southeast Asia to West Africa.

  49. Diffusion of Buddhism Fig. 6-7: Buddhism diffused gradually from its origin in northeastern India to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and eventually China and Japan.

  50. The Rise of Secularism • Indifference to or rejection or organized religious affiliations and ideas • Varies from country to country

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