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Forming Complex Societies

This lesson explores how the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming villages around 7000 BC revolutionized human relationships and societal structures. With advancements in technology such as plows and irrigation, communities were able to produce surplus food, facilitating trade and the formation of more complex economies. The social dynamics evolved as leaders emerged to manage resources and resolve conflicts, marking a pivotal moment in human history where agriculture led to the development of intricately woven societies.

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Forming Complex Societies

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  1. Forming Complex Societies Chapter 2 Lesson 2

  2. Objectives • Explain how living in villages changed the way people related to one another • Describe inventions that helped people of this time lead better lives

  3. Vocabulary • Subsist – to survive • Terrace – flat areas built on the slopes of hills and mountains • Plow – tool used to cut, lift, and turn over soil • Irrigation – ways to move water to land • Barter – to trade for things people want • Pastoral Society – group of people living as nomads with herds of animals

  4. Farming Villages • By 7000 BC some farming communities in southwestern Asia that produced surplus food had grown into villages

  5. Farming Communities Spread • By 6000 BC farming had spread to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa • People had domesticated a variety of animals and plants for food and clothing

  6. Changes in Technology • People developed and improved farming tools, such as the plow and irrigation • Allowed people to grow crops in more places

  7. Economic and Social Change • Early farmers bartered to get goods they wanted • Leaders controlled surpluses and trade, as well as resolved conflicts between the groups

  8. Summary • Changes in agriculture that began before 7,000 BC caused dramatic changes in societies • Surplus food allowed farming settlements to grow into villages • Surpluses of food and other resources led to trade • With trade, people developed more complex societies and economies

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