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Latin Grammar

Latin Grammar. Reflexives: s ē suus , -a, -um (Grammar 3B, p. 160). Reflexive Pronouns. Reflexive pronouns in English end in –self or –selves. They exist in all three persons and both numbers. Reflexive Pronouns. Reflexive means bending [ flex ] back [ re ] .

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Latin Grammar

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  1. Latin Grammar Reflexives: sē suus, -a, -um (Grammar 3B, p. 160)

  2. Reflexive Pronouns • Reflexive pronouns in English end in –self or –selves. They exist in all three persons and both numbers.

  3. Reflexive Pronouns • Reflexive means bending [flex] back [re]. • They are called reflexive pronouns because they indicate that the action of a verb has bent back to affect the subject of a sentence. I love myself. The girls hurt themselves.

  4. Reflexive Pronouns • In Latin, the reflexive pronouns look like the normal personal pronouns in the first and second person singular and plural. • In the third person singular and plural, Latin’s reflexive pronoun is sē.

  5. Reflexive Pronouns • Examples:

  6. Declension o f sē tū tē tuī tibi tē — sē suī sibi sē

  7. suus, -a, -um • So that is Latin’s reflexive pronoun sē. • We now have to talk about Latin’s reflexive possessive adjective suus, -a, -um.

  8. suus, -a, -um • Latin’s personal pronouns have possessive adjectives associated with them:

  9. suus, -a, -um • But remember, there is no third person pronoun. • And, not surprisingly therefore, there is actually no possessive adjective that means his, her, its, or their. • Instead, Romans used the genitive of is, ea, id. (eius in the singular; eōrum or eārum in the plural). • eius = his, her, its • eōrum, eārum = their

  10. suus, -a, -um • Possessive adectives (meus, tuus, noster, uester) have to agree in gender, case, and number with what they describe. stilumtuumuīdī. stilustuusest in aedibus. • However,because the words for his, her, and their are NOT possessive adjectives in Latin, they never change to agree in gender, case and number. stilumeiusuidī. stiluseiusest in aedibus.

  11. suus, -a, -um • The reflexive pronoun, however, does have a possessive adjective. • It is suus, -a, -um, and it must agree with what it describes. Marcus suumpatremuīdit, Iulia suāssorōrēsuīdit.

  12. suus, -a, -um • IMPORTANT POINT • In Latin, you must distinguish between the reflexive possessive and the genitive forms eius, eōrum, eārum. Marcus patremsuumuīdit Marcus patremeiusuīdit.

  13. suus, -a, -um • In English, this statement is ambiguous: John saw his father • Is his father John’s father or someone else’s? • In Latin, you must distinguish between the reflexive possessive and eius, eōrum, eārum. Marcus patremsuumuīdit Marcus patremeiusuīdit.

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