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Degeneration, Decline & Race

Degeneration, Decline & Race. Bénédict-Augustin Morel. Treatise on Physical, Intellectual and Moral Degeneration (1857).

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Degeneration, Decline & Race

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  1. Degeneration, Decline & Race

  2. Bénédict-Augustin Morel Treatise on Physical, Intellectual and Moral Degeneration (1857)

  3. “When the insane temperament has been developed in its most marked form, we must acknowledge that the hereditary predisposition has assumed the character of deterioration of race, and that the individual represents the beginning of a degeneracy which, if not checked by favourable circumstances, will go on increasing from generation to generation and end finally in the extreme degeneracy of idiocy. With the occurrence of idiocy there is happily the extinction of the degenerate variety, for with it come impotence and sterility.” (Maudsley, Responsibility in Mental Disease, 1874 p.50)

  4. Degenerate “Stigmata” • PHYSICAL: unequal development of two halves of the face and cranium, imperfections in the ear, squint eyes, harelips, a wolf-face, and irregularities of the teeth, stuttering, tremors, or tics, hermaphrodism, etc. • MENTAL: feeble-minded, idiots, or the eccentric, precocious, with one-sided talents, or the morally delinquent.

  5. History of “Moral Insanity”Rationality more or less intact, but moral or feeling capacity impaired—asocial, often linked to criminal behavior • (1801) Phillippe Pinel: “mania without delirium” • (1835) James Cowles Prichard: coined term “moral insanity” • (1876) Henry Maudsley: “moral insanity” or “moral imbecility” linked to degeneration

  6. HENRY MAUDSLEY(1835-1918) founder of Maudsley Hospital “the Borderland”

  7. Max Nordau (1849-1923) Degeneration (1892)

  8. CESARE LOMBROSO (1835-1909) Genius and Insanity (1864) L'uomo delinquente (Criminal Man) (1876)

  9. Wagner Schopenhauer Baudelaire THE DEGENERATE GENIUS Lombroso, The Man of Genius, 3rd. ed.p. 92

  10. Works of genius Relation of Average Monthly Temperature to admission of lunatics to asylum and to production of works of genius (Lombroso, Man of Genius)

  11. Henri Matisse Vincent van Gogh "Cubists and Futurists Are Making Insanity Pay” New York Times, March 16, 1913

  12. DEGENERATE “ART” Guide to the Exhibition, Munich 1937

  13. 1937 Munich Exhibit of “Degenerate Art”

  14. Paul Klee Runner at the Goal

  15. Max Beckmann’s Paris Society

  16. Cesare Lombroso, Album of Criminals Atavistic: evolutionary throwback

  17. Lombroso’s German & Italian Criminals

  18. Cesare Lombroso, The Female Offender (1893)

  19. Galton’s Composites

  20. Francis Galton’s Composite Photographs Francis Galton Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development (1883)

  21. Richard Dugdale, The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity (1877) member of extended Juke Family (from Estabrook papers, SUNY)

  22. Charles Guiteau NY Daily Graphic Jul 6, 1881

  23. “Last Honors” Harper's Weekly October 1, 1881 July 1881 “Struck Down at the Post of Duty”

  24. Legal Definitions of Insanity • M’Naghten Rule (1843)—defendant was responsible if he knew the nature and consequences of his act, and that it was forbidden by law (cognitive test). • Irresistible Impulse (1887)—emotional inability to resist act (supplement to M’Naghten) • Durham rule (1954)—not criminally responsible if behavior is product of mental disease (product test). • Insanity Defense Reform Act (1984)—not guilty, if due to mental disease and was unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of act. Shift of burden to defendant to prove insanity.

  25. AFP/ Getty ImagesJohn Hinckley Jr. (L) escorted by police in Washington, D.C. on March 30, 1981, following his arrest after shooting and seriously wounding then U.S. president Ronald Reagan.

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