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Principles of Operation for A/C Generators: Converting Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy

This document outlines the principles of operation for A/C generators, which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through components like the rotor, stator, rectifier, and voltage regulator. It details how mechanical energy is transferred from the engine's crankshaft to the generator via a drive belt. Major components such as the drive and rear housings, brushes, and slip rings are explained, alongside discussions on magnetic field creation and voltage regulation processes. Understanding these principles is essential for effective generator design and operation.

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Principles of Operation for A/C Generators: Converting Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy

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  1. A/C GENERATORS PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

  2. OPERATION • The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. • Mechanical energy is given by means of a drive belt, from the crankshaft.

  3. MAJOR COMPONENTS • Housing ( drive and rear) • Rotor • Stator • Rectifier • Brush Assembly • Voltage Regulator (Integral) • Drive Pulley

  4. Principles

  5. HOUSINGS • Drive Housing: Supports the front of the rotor shaft, as a large bearing pressed or flanged bolted. Has mounting holes for installation on to engine via a bracket. • End Housing: Anchoring point for Brush holder, Regulator, Rectifier and Stator assembly. Also supports the rear of the rotor shaft via small bearing.

  6. Housings

  7. ROTOR • Purpose: The rotor is used to create a magnetic field, and rotate that magnetic field inside the stator at varying speeds. • Parts • Projections (2) North and South • Rotor shaft • Field Windings • Slip Rings

  8. ROTOR CONSTRUCTION

  9. BRUSHES AND SLIP RINGS • Purpose: To direct current to the rotating field windings • Connections • F (field terminal) External • Voltage regulator (insulated) • Exciter Diodes

  10. Brushes and Slip Rings

  11. STATOR • Purpose: To collect the magnetic field created by the rotor • Parts • 3 or 4 phase windings • Laminated steel frame • Winding types • Wye • Delta

  12. Stator Construction

  13. STATOR • The Stator produces a Analog Signal, that produces Alternating Current • Output is determined by • Magnetic field strength • Rotor speed • Winding type (delta or wye) • Winding length • Number of phases (windings)

  14. Stator Operation

  15. Rectification • Purpose: Change the current from AC to DC • Parts • Diodes: Three positive and three negative. • Exciter Diodes: Controls field current at Startup giving us full field current after start-up. • Heat Sink: Aluminum webbing linking diodes to end frame.

  16. Rectification Parts

  17. Rectification Operation

  18. Voltage Regulator • Purpose: To control the current flow through the field windings. • Process: Switches current flow on and off in the field windings, by watching line voltage

  19. Regulation

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