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The Rise and Legacy of the Qin Dynasty: Foundations of the Chinese Empire

The Qin Dynasty, founded by Ying Zheng, marked the unification of northern China under a centralized government. As Shihuangdi, the first Grand Emperor, he transformed the state through innovative governance, provincial administration, and standardized systems. Emphasizing Legalism, his regime enacted strict laws while suppressing dissent, burning books, and militarizing through the clay army. After his death, Liu Pang established the Han Dynasty, further developing governance through Confucianism and enhancing science and technology. The legacy of these dynasties profoundly shaped Chinese culture and politics.

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The Rise and Legacy of the Qin Dynasty: Foundations of the Chinese Empire

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  1. The 1st Chinese Empire 5.3

  2. A. A Chinese Empire • After a while 1 kingdom began to dominate – the Qin (Chin) • At 13 Ying Zheng became king • Over the next 25 years he conquered northern China • Used geography to protect the kingdom • What features protected the Qin? ________________________________________

  3. A. A Chinese Empire (con’t) • Changed his name Shihuangdifirst Grand Emperor • His new ideas about government were more important than his armies • Appointed governors for 36 provinces • Allowed farmers to own land • Made the nobles move to the capitals w/o their weapons • All of these took power away from the nobility

  4. B. Protecting the Growing Empire • Centralized the government • Language/writing • roads • weights & measures • money • Began the Great Wall • Life still centered around the flooding of the Huang He • The empire and the emperor began to demand more toil and taxes from the farmers All standardized

  5. B. Protecting the Growing Empire • The government’s philosophy was legalism • Reward behavior that help the government • Severely punish behavior that hurts • They burned all histories of previous rulers • What were they afraid of? • Shihuangdi feared for his life – lots of enemies • Educated people – he burned books • Nobles - he took their power • Common people – he made extra taxes & work • Built the clay (terra cotta) army • Over 8000 soldiers and horses • Each one the portrait of a real person or horse

  6. C. The Peasant Emperor • A rebellion started after Shihhuangdi’s death • The army tried to get his son (Hu Ha) to be the emperor • Liu Pang, with the help of a general defeated Hu Ha • Used the “Mandate of Heaven” to justify the new dynasty – the Han

  7. D. Shihuangdi’s Legacy He only ruled for 20 years but left a big mark on Chinese culture • Administration • Weights & measures • Money • Writing • The name China

  8. The Han Dynasty 5.4

  9. A. A New Kind of Government • Used Confucious teachings to govern • Government jobs went to the educated not the nobility • Wudi expanded the beaucracy • Created the Grand School • After 1 year in school took a long exam, if they passed they got a job

  10. B. Han Science and Technology • Confucianism’s emphasis on education led to scientific learning • Inventions – paper, seismograph • math • Medicine • astronomy • Writing • 3000-9000 new characters were added and a dictionary • Poetry of that time emphasized beauty of the land

  11. C. Fall of the Han • Emperor was all powerful, but some were not that strong • Wang Mang seized power during the rule of one of these weak emperors • He wasn’t able to make the changes he wanted • Abolish slavery • Less power for the nobles • economic changes • Han over threw him with compromise • Han stayed in power • The nobility gained some independence and power

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