EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS Biology

2. 1. An abiotic factor affecting the behavior and survival of such organisms as robins and violets is the A. population of rabbits B. length of daylight C. presence of harmful bacteria D. number of herbivores

3. 2. Which group in the food web represented in the diagram would most likely have the greatest biomass? A. corn and oats B. hawks and owls C. mice and rats D. snakes and raccoons

4. 3. The diagram shows nutritional relationships between organisms of various populations in a food web. Which organisms are classified as secondary consumers? A. hawk, grasshopper, and mouse B. rabbit, mouse, and snake C. grasshopper, frog, and rabbit D. snake, hawk, and frog

5. 4. The diagram represents a food web. If this food web is represented as a pyramid of biomass, the level of the pyramid with the least amount of biomass would contain the A. grasshopper B. grass C. mouse D. hawk

6. 5. Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a limiting factor for the autotrophs in the ecosystem represented in the diagram? A. grasshopper B. light C. fish D. hawk

7. 6. An biotic factor affecting the behavior and survival of such organisms as robins and violets is the A. wind speed B. length of daylight C. presence of water D. number of herbivores

8. 7. For many decades, certain areas of New York State have remained as hardwood forests containing predominantly oak and hickory trees.  These forested areas will most likely A. remain indefinitely and not be affected by environmental influences. B. reach maturity and change in the near future. C. be destroyed by environmental changes and never return to their present forms. D. continue in their present forms unless affected by environmental factors.

9. 8. What are the abiotic factors represented in this illustration of an aquarium? A. snail, gravel, and water B. snail, fish, and plants C. water, light, and gravel D. plants, light and water

10. 9. Which event illustrates the interaction of an abiotic factor with a biotic factor in the environment? A. The lamprey eel survives by parasitizing trout. B. The temperature of water affects its oxygen level. C. The low light intensity of the forest affects the growth of pine trees. D. A gypsy moth caterpillar eats the leaves of an apple tree.

11. 10. Which nutritional term best describes the following statement? Fish living deep in the ocean obtain energy by eating animal remains that sink to the bottom from upper water regions. A. Scavenging B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. Saprophytism

12. 11. The graph provides information about the population of deer in a given area between 1900 and 1945.  Which statement identifies the most likely reason that the carrying capacity of the area to support deer decreased between 1925 and 1930? A. The deer population decreased in 1926. B. The number of predators increased between 1915 and 1925. C. The deer population became too large. D. An unusually cold winter occurred in 1918.

13. 12. If two different bird species in the same habitat require the same type of nesting site, both species will most likely A. interbreed and share their nesting sites B. compete for the nesting sites C. change their nesting site requirements D. use the nests of other bird species

14. 13. Select the term most closely associated with the statement: Certain fungi use dead organic matter for food. A. mutualism B. commensalism C. parasitism D. saprophytism

15. 14. The chart shows the environmental functions that some organisms perform in a stable ecosystem.  How would a decrease in the number of organisms that perform these functions most likely affect the ecosystem? A. The interactions between other organisms would stop immediately. B. The functions carried out by these organisms would no longer be necessary. C. The ecosystem would remain stable. D. The ecosystem would become less stable.

16. 15. The diagram shows the relationships between organisms in and around a pond.  One additional biotic factor needed to make this a stable ecosystem is the presence of A. producers B. herbivores C. decomposers D. consumers

17. 16. Young rabbits that eat grass are sometimes eaten by raccoons, which also eat seeds and berries. Bacteria help to decompose the excretions of the raccoon. Which statement about these nutritional relationships is accurate? A. Bacteria are scavengers. B. Rabbits are secondary consumers. C. Raccoons eat only producers. D. Raccoons are both primary and secondary consumers.

18. 17. In the diagram of the nitrogen cycle, letters A through E represent organisms carrying on a process at that particular point in the cycle. Letter B represents A. scavengers B. decomposers C. autotrophs D. carnivores

19. 18. What is the major environmental factor limiting the numbers of autotrophs at great depths in the ocean? A. type of seafloor B. amount of light C. availability of minerals D. absence of biotic factors

20. 19. Which statement best describes some organisms in the food web shown in the diagram? A. Minnows and fish are primary consumers. B. Algae and floating plants are decomposers. C. Aquatic crustaceans are omnivores. D. Raccoons, fish, and ducks are secondary consumers.

21. 20. The letters in the diagram represent the processes involved in the water cycle. Which letter represents the process of transpiration? A. A B. B C. C D. D

22. 21. Which term best describes the mosquito larvae? A. producer B. parasite C. carnivore D. consumer

23. 22. The nitrogen cycle is most directly dependent upon the A. process of transpiration in autotrophs B. ability of consumers to move from place to place C. metabolic activities of soil bacteria D. evaporation of water from the Earth's surface

24. 23. An ecosystem is represented in the diagram. This ecosystem will be self-sustaining if A. the organisms labeled A outnumber the organisms labeled B B. the organisms labeled A are equal in number to the organisms labeled B C. the type of organisms represented by B are eliminated D. materials cycle between the organisms labeled A and the organisms labeled B

25. 24. In a pure culture, Paramecium caudatum grew and flourished. In a mixed culture with P. aurelia, all P. caudatum died within 16 days, while the P. aurelia survived. This observation illustrates A. saprophytism B. gradualism C. competition D. evolution

26. 25. In an ecosystem, the more living requirements that two different species have in common, the more intense will be their A. ecological succession B. competition C. energy requirements D. evolution

27. 26. Organisms that obtain and ingest organic molecules for their nutrition are classified as A. autotrophs B. producers C. algae D. heterotrophs

28. 27. Select the term most closely associated with the statement: The roots of the mistletoe plant absorb nutrients from living oak trees, causing some damage to the tissues of the trees. A. mutualism B. commensalism C. parasitism D. saprophytism E. competition

29. 28. Which change would usually increase competition among the squirrel population in a certain area? A. an epidemic of rabies among squirrels B. an increase in the number of squirrels killed on the highways C. an increase in the number of hawks that prey on squirrels D. a temporary increase in the squirrel reproduction rate

30. 29. The diagram shows a marine biome. Autotrophs in zones A through C depend on the metabolic activities of other organisms for a continuing supply of A. water B. carbohydrates C. respiratory enzymes D. carbon dioxide

31. 30. The table shows the type of food consumed by various animals in a community.  Under normal conditions, which organisms in this community would have the greatest amount of stored energy? A. grasshoppers B. snakes C. plants D. hawks

32. 31. Graphs of the data from laboratory investigations are used to A. observe general trends in the data B. make the observed data more accurate C. prevent errors in measuring data D. help change the original data tables

33. 32. A new drug for the treatment of asthma is tested on 100 people. The people are evenly divided into two groups. One group is given the drug, and the other group is given a glucose pill. The group that is given the glucose pill serves as the A. experimental group B. limiting factor C. control D. indicator

34. 33. The diagram shows nutritional relationships between organisms of various populations in a food web. Based on their ecological role, hawks and snakes may be classified as A. predators B. parasites C. autotrophs D. decomposers

35. 34. A student set up a terrarium containing moist soil, several plants, and snails. The terrarium was placed in a sunny area. Which factor is not essential for the maintenance of the terrarium? A. a constant source of energy B. a living system capable of incorporating energy into organic compounds C. a cycling of materials between organisms and their environment D. the introduction of another heterotroph into the terrarium

36. 35. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live on the roots of leguminous plants in swellings called nodules. The bacteria synthesize nitrogen compounds that are used by the plants, and the plants provide moisture and nutrients for the bacteria. The interaction between the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the leguminous plants is known as A. parasitism B. mutualism C. saprophytism D. commensalism

37. 36. Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic nutrition in maple trees? A. nitrogen B. oxygen C. carbon dioxide D. methane

38. 37. Which factor is not considered by ecologists when they evaluate the impact of human activities on an ecosystem? A. amount of energy released from the Sun B. quality of the atmosphere C. degree of biodiversity D. location of power plants

39. 38. A new type of fuel gives off an excessive amount of smoke.  Before this type of fuel is widely used, an ecologist would most likely want to know A. what effect the smoke will have on the environment B. how much it will cost to produce the fuel C. how long it will take to produce the fuel D. if the fuel will be widely accepted by consumers

40. 39. The graph shows data on the average life expectancy of humans.  The change in life expectancy from 1910 to 1970 is most likely the result of A. an increase in poor land-use management that affected the quality of the topsoil B. the introduction of technology that had a negative impact on air quality C. a decrease in natural checks, such as disease, on the population D. a widespread increase in the presence of lead and other heavy metals in water supplies

41. 40. Which human activity is most responsible for the other three human activities? A. increasing demand for food B. increasing loss of farmland C. increasing human population D. increasing air pollution

42. 41. The chart describes four classes of compounds. Which class of compounds includes the compound represented in the diagram below? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

43. 42. Which chemical formula represents a carbohydrate? A. CH4 B. C3H7O2N C. C12H22O11 D. CO2

44. 43. A simple sugar such as glucose is classified as a A. monosaccharide B. polysaccharide C. disaccharide D. nucleotide

45. 44. In a lipid synthesis reaction, the greatest number of fatty acid molecules that could combine with one glycerol molecule is A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 6

46. 45. Base your answer on the diagram of the chemical equation which represents a metabolic activity and your knowledge of biology. Molecule C belongs in the general class of substances known as A. vitamins B. minerals C. inorganic acids D. organic compounds

47. 46. Plants store carbohydrates in the form of A. amino acids B. fatty acids C. starch D. nucleic acids

48. 47. An element found in all proteins but not found in carbohydrates and lipids is A. carbon B. hydrogen C. oxygen D. nitrogen

49. 48. Maltase is an enzyme that is not able to catalyze the synthesis of lipids because maltase A. has a specific active site B. is a small molecule C. cannot attach to ribosomes D. is a simple sugar

50. 49. Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way? A. Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch. B. Each enzyme has a characteristic shape. C. Enzymes are long, complex fats. D. Each enzyme is made up of four subunits.