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Chemistry Individual Project

This project presents an in-depth study of Lithium Chloride (LiCl), focusing on its chemical and physical properties, preparation methods, and significant applications. LiCl, an ionic compound formed between lithium and chlorine, is known for its high solubility and conductivity in solution. Produced from lithium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, it is widely used in organic synthesis, RNA precipitation, and as a desiccant. The project also emphasizes safety precautions necessary for handling LiCl, due to its potential health effects on the central nervous and respiratory systems.

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Chemistry Individual Project

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  1. Chemistry Individual Project Presented by: Edith Lai (13) of F.3A Compound: Lithium Chloride(LiCl)

  2. Electron diagram of LiCl (showing the outermost shell only) Type of chemical bonding: Ionic Bond Chemical Formula: LiCl

  3. Preparation • Lithium chloride is produced by treatment of lithium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. Li2CO3 + 2HCl → 2LiCl + CO2 + H2O

  4. Physical Properties of LiCl • Hygroscopic(吸水)white crystalline solid • Odorless • Melting point : 605 °C • Boiling point : 1382 °C • Molar mass:42.394g/mol • Density: 2.068 g/ cm3 • Solubility :highly soluble in alcohol and water (Solubility in 20 °C water :83.2 g/100 mL ) • Electrical conductivity: High due to its ionic structure in solution form • Refractive index (nD) 1.662

  5. Chemical Properties of LiCl • Stability:Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage • Hazardous Decomposition Products:Emits toxic fumes of chlorine when heated to decomposition. • pH: Aqueous solution of LiCl is neutral or slightly alkaline • It is highly ionized in solution form. (Electronic configuration of Li and Cl: 2,1and 2,8,7) [They can form ionic compound easily as lithium can donate 1 e- to chlorine in which both of them will obtain stable octet structure.]

  6. Applications of LiCl • Used for the production of lithium metal by electrolysis. •  In more specialized applications, lithium chloride finds some use in organic synthesis • (e.g. as an additive in the Stille reaction) • Used to precipitate RNA from cellular extracts in biochemical applications. • Used as a flame colorant  and laboratory reagent. • Used as a desiccant for drying air streams • Used as a relative humidity standard in the calibration of hygrometers. • Used as a brazing flux for aluminium in automobile parts. Hygrometers Stille reaction RNA

  7. Potential Health Effects • LiCl might be harmful if swallowed or inhaled. • It will affect the: • central nervous system • respiratory system • muscles and kidneys • It will cause severe irritation(劇烈過敏)to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. • Other symptoms: • slurred speech(口齒不清) • blurred vision • heart and brain effects.

  8. Handling and storage of LiCl The following instructions should be followed while storing and handling LiCl: • Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. • Protect against physical damage. • Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. • Wash thoroughly after handling • Observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product . • Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain residues (dust, solids).

  9. Sources • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_chloride • http:// www.flickr.com • “Compound” by Alex Brown

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