1 / 12

Estimates of burned biomass based on burned areas from SPOT-VEGETATION in 2000

Estimates of burned biomass based on burned areas from SPOT-VEGETATION in 2000. Akinori Ito Joyce E. Penner University of Michigan. Summary of data set used in the estimation of burned biomass. Estimate of biomass burned. Amount of biomass burned ( M ) M = A x B x ce

mariko
Télécharger la présentation

Estimates of burned biomass based on burned areas from SPOT-VEGETATION in 2000

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Estimates of burned biomass based on burned areas from SPOT-VEGETATION in 2000 Akinori Ito Joyce E. Penner University of Michigan

  2. Summary of data set used in the estimation of burned biomass Estimate of biomass burned Amount of biomass burned (M) M = A x B x ce A: monthly area burned B: annual average aboveground biomass density ce: average combustion factor , the fraction of above ground biomass that is burned Data set Spatial Resolution Method Area burned (Grégoire et al., 2002.) 1-km globe SPOT-VEGETATION Fractional forest cover (Zhu and Waller, 2001) 1-km globe AVHRR Fractional vegetation cover (Zeng et al., 2000) 1-km globe AVHRR Vegetation map (Hansen et al., 2000) 1-km globe AVHRR Carbon pool of forests (Myneni et al., 2001) 8-km NH(>30˚N) AVHRR Above-ground biomass density of forests (Gaston et al., 1998) 5-km Africa GIS model Biomass density (Barrette and Xu, 2002) 5-km Australia GIS model Litter biomass density of forests(Matthews, 1997) 0.1˚ globe Measurement data Biomass density of grassland Global average Measurement data (Shea et al., 1999, Hoffa et al., 1999, Gill et al., 2001) (42 sites) Combustion factor (see Table 1) Global average Measurement data Emission factor (Andreae and Merlet, 2001) Global average Measurement data

  3. Table 1 Combustion factor * *: CWD means coarse woody debris.

  4. 1.1.1. Classification method in North America Living biomass density of forests Area burned in forests (Living biomass: stem, bark, branches, and twigs, and leaves) (Forest area: evergreen needleleaf, evergreen broadleaf, deciduous needleleaf, deciduous broadleaf, mixed, woody savanna) Combustion factor of forests: 0.33 Biomass density (tons / ha) Litter biomass density of forests Burned area (x 102 ha) Area burned in grassland (Litter: fine litter and coarse woody debris) Biomass density (tons / ha) (Grassland area) = (Fractional vegetation cover) - (Fractional forest cover) Global average of biomass density of grassland Combustion factor of grassland: 0.99 2.791 (tons / ha) Burned area (x 102 ha)

  5. 1.1.2. Classification method in Eurasia Living biomass density of forests Area burned in forests (Living biomass: stem, bark, branches, and twigs, and leaves) (Forest area burned) = (Area burned) x (Forest map: evergreen needleleaf, evergreen broadleaf, deciduous needleleaf, deciduous broadleaf, mixed, woody savanna) Combustion factor of forests: 0.33 Biomass density (tons / ha) Litter biomass density of forests Burned area (x 102 ha) Area burned in grassland (Litter: fine litter and coarse woody debris) Biomass density (tons / ha) (Grassland area burned) = (Area burned) x {(Fractional vegetation cover) - (Fractional forest cover)} Global average of biomass density of grassland Combustion factor of grassland: 0.99 2.791 (tons / ha) Burned area (x 102 ha)

  6. 1.2.1. Continuous field method in Africa Living biomass density of forests Area burned in forests (Forest area burned) = (Area burned) x(Fractional forest cover) Combustion factor of forests: 0.33 Biomass density (tons / ha) Litter biomass density of forests Burned area (x 102 ha) Only grassland burned for the second fire. Area burned in grassland (Grassland area burned) = (Area burned) x {(Fractional vegetation cover) - (Fractional forest cover)} Biomass density (tons / ha) Global average of biomass density of grassland Combustion factor of grassland: 0.99 2.791 (tons / ha) Burned area (x 102 ha)

  7. 1.2.2. Continuous field method in Australia Leaf + fine litter biomass density Area burned Combustion factor of leaf & fine litter: 0.93 Actual area burned Biomass C density (tons C / ha) Fractional vegetation cover (%) Stem + woody debris biomass density Combustion factor of stem & CWD: 0.27 Burned area (x 102 ha)

  8. 2.1. Results of biomass burned (Tg / yr) 2.2. Results of emissions (Tg species / yr)

  9. 2.3. Results of emissions from biomass burned January biomass burned (kg) February biomass burned (kg) March biomass burned (kg) April biomass burned (kg) May biomass burned (kg) Jun biomass burned (kg)

  10. 2.4. Results of emissions from biomass burned July biomass burned (kg) August biomass burned (kg) September biomass burned (kg) October biomass burned (kg) November biomass burned (kg) December biomass burned (kg)

  11. 3. Conclusions 1. These methods appear to give reasonable results for total biomass burned. 2. In Northern Hemisphere, the estimated litter burned seems too high, while the living biomass looks low. 3. Need to test the emissions in a model and develop uncertainty estimates. 4. Future work Update biomass burned in tropical America and Asia Complete photochemistry model using meteorology from GEOS-DAS in 2000 Compare predicted fields (CO, BC, etc) with observations

  12. References Andreae, M.O. and P. Merlet, Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 995-966, 2001. Araújo, T.M., J.A. Carvalho Jr., N. Higuchi, A.C.P. Brasil Jr., and A.L.A. Mesquita, A tropical rainforest clearing experiment by biomass burning in the state of Pará, Brazil. Atmos. Environ., 33, 1991-1998, 1999. Barbosa, P.M., D. Stroppiana, J-M. Grégoire, and J.M.C. Pereira, An assessment of vegetation fire in Africa (1981-1991): burned areas, burned biomass and atmospheric emissions. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 933-950, 1999. Barrett, D.J. and H.Y. Xu, Parameterisation of a large-scale terrestrial carbon cycle model by a constrained genetic algorithm using multiple data sets of ecological observations from minimally disturbed sites. Global Biogeochem. Cycles (submitted). Carvalho Jr., J.A., F.D. Costa, C.A.G. Veras, D.V. Sandberg, E.C. Alvarado, R. Gielow, A.M. Serra Jr., and J.C. Santos, Biomass fire consumption and carbon release rates of rainforest-clearing experiments conducted in northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17877-17887, 2001. Carvalho Jr., N. Higuchi, T.M. Araújo, and J.C. Santos, Combustion completeness in a rainforest clearing experiment in Manaus, Brazil. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13195-13199, 1998. Fearnside, P.M., P.M.L.A. Graça, N.L. Filho, F.J.A. Rodrigues, and J.M. Robinson, Tropical forest burning in Brazilian Amazonia: measurement of biomass loading, burning efficiency and charcoal formation at Altamira, Pará. For. Ecol. Manage., 123, 65-79, 1999. Fearnside, P.M., P.M.L.A. Graça, and F.J.A. Rodrigues, Burning of Amazonian rainforests: burning efficiency and charcoal formation in forest cleared for cattle pasture near Manaus, Brazil. For. Ecol. Manage., 146, 115-128, 2001. Fearnside, P.M., N. Leal Jr., and F.M. Fearnside, Rainforest burning and the global carbon budget: biomass, combustion efficiency, and charcoal formation in the Brazilian Amazon. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16733-16743, 1993. Gaston, G., S. Brown, M. Lorenzini, and K.D. Singh, State and change in carbon pools in the forests of tropical Africa, Glob. Change Biol., 4, 97-114, 1998. Gill, R.A., R.H. Kelly, W.J. Parton, K.A. Day, R.B. Jackson, J.A. Morgan, J.M.O. Scurlock, L.L. Tieszen, J.V. Castle, D.S. Ojima, and X.S. Zhang, NPP Grassland: Consistent Worldwide Site Estimates, 1954-1990. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov/] from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A., 2001. Graça, P.M.L.A., P.M. Fearnside, and C.C. Cerri, Burning of Amazonian forest in Ariquemes, Rondônia, Brazil: biomass, charcoal formation and burning efficiency. For. Ecol. Manage., 120, 179-191, 1999. Grégoire, J-M., K. Tansey, and J.M.N. Silva, The GBA2000 initiative: Developing a global burned area database from SPOT-VEGETATION imagery. Int. J. Remote Sensing, in press, 2002. Guild, L.S., J.B. Kauffman, L.J. Ellingson, D.L. Cummings, E.A. Castro, R.E. Babbitt, and D.E. Ward, Dynamics associated with total aboveground biomass C, nutrient pools, and biomass burning of primary forest and pasture in Rondônia, Brazil during SCAR-B. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 32091-32100, 1998. Hao, W.M. and M.-H., Liu, Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8(4), 495-503, 1994. Hao, W.M., M.-H., Liu, and P.J. Crutzen, Estimates of annual and regional releases of CO2 and other trace gases to the atmosphere from fires in the tropics, based on the FAO statistics for the period 1975-1980. In Fire in the Tropical Biota: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges, edited by J.G. Goldammer, pp. 440-462, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990. Hansen, M.C., R.S. DeFries, J.R.G. Townshend, and R. Sohlberg, Global land cover classification at 1 km spatial resolution using a classification tree approach. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 21, 1331-1364, 2000. Hoffa, E.A., D.E. Ward, W.M. Hao, R.A. Susott, and R.H. Wakimoto, Seasonality of carbon emissions from biomass burning in a Zambian savanna. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13841-13853, 1999. Lavoué, D. C. Liousse, H. Cachier, B.J. Stocks, and J.G. Goldammer, Modeling of carbonaceous particles emitted by boreal and temperate wildfires at northern latitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26871-26890, 2000. Lobert, J.M., W.C. Keene, L.A. Logan, and R. Yevich, Global chlorine emissions from biomass burning: Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8373-8389, 1999. Matthews, E. Global litter production, pools, and turnover times: Estimates from measurement data and regression models. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 18771-18800, 1997. Myneni, R.B., J. Dong, C.J. Tucker, R.K. Kaufmann, P.E. Kauppi, J. Liski, L. Zhou, V. Alexeyev, and M.K. Hughes, A large carbon sink in the woody biomass of Northern forests. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 98(26), 14784-14789, 2001. Shea, R.W., B.W. Shea, J.B. Kauffman, D.E. Ward, C.I. Haskins, and M.C. Scholes, Fuel biomass and combustion factors associated with fires in savanna ecosystem of South Africa and Zambia. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23551-23568, 1996. Zeng, X., R.E. Dickinson, A. Walker, M. Shaikh, R.S. DeFries, and J. Qi, Derivation and evaluation of global 1-km fractional vegetation cover data for land modeling. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 826-839, 2000. Zhu Z. and Waller E., FRA 2000 Global forest cover mapping final report. In Forest Resource Assessment Programme Working Paper 50, edited by P. Pugliese, Forest and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2001.

More Related