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South Carolina State Budget Outlook: Financial Breaches & Recovery Challenges

The South Carolina state budget faces significant challenges, with expenditures projected at $20.56 billion for FY08-09, including $5.75 billion from general funds. A decline of $1.57 billion or 23.6% in revenue collections from 2006-07 to 2009-10 highlights the volatility in the economy. Legislative actions, including tax cuts and federal recovery funds from ARRA, aimed to stabilize the financial situation. However, predictions indicate flat revenue growth moving forward, prompting a critical reevaluation of the state’s taxation and spending policies to align with economic realities.

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South Carolina State Budget Outlook: Financial Breaches & Recovery Challenges

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  1. State Budget Outlook “The Breach” Mike Shealy SC Senate Finance Committee

  2. SC State Budget(expenditures in FY08-09) General Funds $5.75 Billion Federal Funds $7.37 Billion Other Funds $7.44 BillionTOTAL: $20.56 BillionSC Personal Income $140 Billion (Budget is about 14% or 1/7th of economy)

  3. Top 10 Statewide Other Fund Revenue SourcesFiscal Years 1994-95 and 2008-09

  4. Top 10 Statewide Federal Revenue SourcesFiscal Years 1994-95 and 2008-09

  5. BreachPronunciation: \brēch\ Function: nounEtymology: Middle English breche, from Old English brǣc act of breaking; akin to Old English brecan to break Date: before 12th century1: infraction or violation of a law, obligation, tie, or standard2: a broken, ruptured, or torn condition or area b: a gap (as in a wall) made by battering3: a break in accustomed friendly relations b: a temporary gap in continuity

  6. Unusual Circumstances Over the Past 18 Months • General Assembly returns October 20-24, 2008 to pass Recission Bill in 5 days (-$488M) • HR1 American Recovery & Reinvestment Act, Budget Stabilization Fund (Supreme Court Order of 6/4/09) • Senate Concurrence to House Amendment on H3560, the General Appropriation Bill on 5/13/09 (no Budget Conference Committee)

  7. From the peak of General Fund Revenue collections in FY2006-07 through FY2009-10 (forecast) Collections have dropped $1.57 Billion or 23.6%.

  8. What were we thinking? Incorrect Assumption: Revenue growth from FY04-05 through FY06-07 was recovery from “9/11” recession. Reality: The revenue growth was a bubble mirroring the economic bubble caused partially by mortgage financing and other forms of borrowing.

  9. Assumptions of Bubbles Economic: Housing prices will always increase. General Fund: Revenues will always increase.

  10. FY2010-11 General Fund Revenue Forecast (11/10/09) • Flat (no growth). • Long Range Forecast for FY2011-12 and beyond is an average 2.0% growth rate.

  11. How Did We Get Here? The National Recession The Structure of Our State Revenue System Taxation and Spending Policies

  12. The National Recession and Its Effects on the State Economy

  13. Consumer Credit Outstanding 2004 – 2009 Q3Seasonally Adjusted

  14. U.S. Recessions1948 - 2009

  15. Source: Board of Economic Advisors

  16. Source: Board of Economic Advisors

  17. SC Manufacturing Employment1970 Q1 – 2010 Q4 Source: Dr. Don Shunk CCU 140,000 net job loss from2000 - 2010

  18. The Structure of Our State Revenue System

  19. Comparison of Gross and Net Taxable Sales FY 1999 – FY 2008

  20. Taxation & Spending Policies Tax Relief in South Carolina Netted Over $500M in the last 4 years Relief passed by the General Assembly since 2005 includes: • Property tax relief for homeowners – “The Swap” $585 million • Total elimination of the state’s “grocery tax”. $354 million • Elimination of the state’s bottom income tax bracket. $86 million • Reduction of the tax on small business from a top marginal rate of 7% to a flat rate of 5%. $129 millionThe Base is Shrinking.

  21. Open-Ended Appropriations

  22. The SC Taxation Realignment Commission (aka “TRAC”)http“//www.scstatehouse.gov/citizensinterestpage/TRAC/TRAC.html Sponsored by Sen. Leatherman and Others Modeled after the federal Base Realignment Commission 11 members (credentialed), No Legislators & Lobbyist Protocols Exhaustive Study (State and Local including exemptions) Look for “adequacy, equity and efficiency” (aka, “Broad Base / Low Rates”) ie, 3.4% vs. 6.0% sales tax rate, etc. “Modernize and Stabilize” the system Recommend legislative changes to Money Committees 6 meetings scheduled through January ‘10 – initial recommendations due by March ‘10

  23. The Temporary Plug in the Breach

  24. H.R.1 of 2009American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 $787.242 Billion or about $2600 per capita South Carolina's Portion of Stimulus Funds Total $7.86 Billion Tax Cuts $2.86 Billion Total Spending in SC $5 Billion* *(includes Federal spending on Federal installations) Of the $5 Billion spent in SC: $3.4 Billion will be received by cognizant State agencies through the state budget. (The $3.4 billion includes allocations received by state agencies and subsequently distributed to local governments, non-profits, etc)

  25. ESTIMATED ALLOCATIONS BY MAJOR CATEGORY: BUDGET STABILIZATION FUND $ 694,060,272 MEDICAID * $ 876,040,898 TRANSPORTATION $ 504,200,000 WATER AND SEWER $ 59,755,697 ENERGY $ 111,700,000 HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES $ 441,842,913 HOUSING $ 77,600,000 EDUCATION $ 406,064,498 STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT $ 42,484,716 WORKFORCE/EMPLOYMENT SERVICES $ 168,620,882 TOTAL ESTIMATED SC ALLOCATIONS $3,382,369,876 Percentage 21% 26% 15% 2% 3% 13% 2% 12% 1% 5% 100% H.R.1 of 2009American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 * ARRA Medicaid is a temporary increase in the Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP). Approximately 9% increase in Federal share of Medicaid reimbursements from 70% to 79%. Increased FMAP in effect for 9 quarters from July 2008 through December 2010.

  26. H.R.1 of 2009American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 BUDGET STABILIZATION FUND Distribution Requirements: 82% must be allocated to K-12 Higher Education and 18% may be allocated for other government purposes.

  27. The Outlook for the Next Several Years and Beyond

  28. Preliminary FY 2010-11 Budget Outlook

  29. Education Finance ActFormula Funding Requirement

  30. Local Government FundAppropriation History

  31. Lottery & Scholarship OutlookFY2010-11 • Current Lottery Appropriations: $255.0M (FY09-10) • Endowed Chairs Statutory Mandate: + $30.0M (SC 2-75-30) • Scholarship (annualize surplus): + $5.8M • Scholarship Growth (demand): + $12.0M (*Est. for FY11) • Restoration of Technology Funds: + $5.5M (“Excess U.P”. in FY10) • Unobligated FY08-09 Carry forward: - $2.1M (*Est. for FY11) • Total Funding Required: = $306.2M • vs. • Lottery Revenue to Appropriate: $255.0M * (Est. for FY11) • Resulting Lottery Shortfall/Deficit for FY10-11: $51.2 Million • * The FY 10-11 estimated lottery revenue does not include the potential additional revenue of $18 - $22 million/year from “Mega Millions” (not yet certified by the BEA). If the additional revenue is certified by the BEA, the resulting shortfall/deficit would be between $29.2 million - $33.2 million.

  32. Policy Questions • Will Policy Makers put EFA Restoration at the Front of the Line? • How Much More Funding Will Be Required to Underwrite Federal Health Insurance Changes? • Have We Reached a Bottom Threshold on Funding for Corrections? DJJ? • How Much More Will Policy Makers Tolerate Fee Increases (Tuition, License Fees, Ticket Surcharges) ?

  33. The Breach 1: infraction or violation of a law, obligation, tie, or standard State Government will be forced to change or ignore funding statutes.2: a broken, ruptured, or torn condition or area b: a gap (as in a wall) made by battering The state budget’s structural deficit will become more pronounced over time. Changes to address the structural deficit will be incremental and very difficult to attain.3: a break in accustomed friendly relations b: a temporary gap in continuity State government will not be able to afford continuing business as usual so benefits currently provided to citizens will diminish. Citizens will become even more angry.

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