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WWII: Home-Front (1941-45)

Intro Government Grows Finances Government Control Society/Economy Patriotism Economy/Jobs Women & Family Race Relations Conc. Key Terms Revenue Act War Productions Board Office of Price Administration Braceros Executive Order 9066. WWII: Home-Front (1941-45). Finances.

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WWII: Home-Front (1941-45)

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  1. Intro Government Grows Finances Government Control Society/Economy Patriotism Economy/Jobs Women & Family Race Relations Conc. Key Terms Revenue Act War Productions Board Office of Price Administration Braceros Executive Order 9066 WWII: Home-Front (1941-45)

  2. Finances • Cost of WWII- $250 million per day • Solutions: Money was borrowed • 1941 debt: $48 Billion • 1945 debt: $247 Billion • Solutions: Revenue Act of 1942 Thomas Hart Benton, “Back Him Up”

  3. Revenue Act(1942) • Instituted “withholding taxes.” • Tax rates for all were increased. • Shows growth of Government’s power.

  4. Government Grows • Government Agencies: • WPB • OPA

  5. War Productions Board • Oversaw conversion of economy from civilian to military supplies. • Ex: Auto Industry • By 1945 US produced more than Germany, Italy & Japan combined. Don Nelson, WPB Chair & Former head of Sears & Roebuck

  6. Auto Industry Mobilizes • Chrysler-tanks • Ford-Jeeps & Planes (Willow Run assembly line was one mile long & ¼ mile wide).

  7. Government Grows:Office Of Price Administration • Rationed goods & established price controls • Examples: steel, sugar, coffee, rubber, gasoline, etc. • Slogan: “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without.” • National Speed Limit: 35 mph

  8. Patriotism & Baseball • $55,000/year • $21.00/month • Hank Greenberg • National Anthem

  9. Patriotism & Enlistments • 1941-1.6 million in US armed forces • 1945-15 million men & 350,000 women in US armed forces US Navy Recruiting Booklet Recruiting Poster

  10. Patriotism & War Bonds • Many showed their support by purchasing war bonds Thomas Hart Benton, “Back Him Up”

  11. Average Salaries (US)* 1939-$1,500/year 1945-$3,000/year Unemployment (MI)* 1933-46% 1944- 0.6% Boom Economic *Figures are approximate

  12. Women In The Workforce • 1941-1945 6.5 million women enter workforce. • No equal pay for equal work. • Women were still responsible for “traditional chores.”

  13. War & American Family • Marriages & birthrates increased; so did divorces • High school enrollments dropped • Rates of juvenile delinquency increased Hurley Family Photo

  14. WWII & Hispanic Laborers • US negotiated Bracero program due to labor shortage (1942-64). • Mexican citizens worked in US—about 4 million. • US farmers became dependent upon Bracero laborers. Bracero workers on a California farm (1944)

  15. Home Front Economic Boom & Demographic Patterns Black Population • Seattle: 4,000-40,000 • Detroit: increased by nearly 50,000

  16. Black Americans Leave South • Over 700,000 African Americans left South • Racial tension developed

  17. Racial Tension(Housing) • A group gathers near the Sojourner Truth Housing Project (1942)

  18. Black Americans Leave South • Detroit Race Riots (1943). • 25 blacks and 9 whites were killed.

  19. Japanese Americans Executive Order 9066 • 110,000 on West Coast forced into “Internment Camps” • 2/3 were US citizens • Reparations were granted in 1988

  20. Holocaust(Hitler’s “Final Solution”) • 6 million Jews (out of a worldwide Jewish population of about 15 million) • 3.7 million Soviets • 12,000/day at Auschwitz 30 Jewish women starved to death on 300 mile march

  21. Intro Government Grows Finances Government Control Society/Economy Patriotism Economy/Jobs Women & Family Race Relations Conc. Key Terms Revenue Act War Productions Board Office of Price Administration Braceros Executive Order 9066 WWII: Home-Front (1941-45)

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