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Understanding Concentrations: From Parts Per Billion to Parts Per Million

This guide explores the concept of concentrations in measurements such as parts per billion (ppb), parts per million (ppm), and parts per trillion (ppt). It defines low, normal, and high concentration levels for substances like ozone and carbon dioxide, providing relatable analogies for better understanding. For instance, 20 parts per billion is contrasted with common examples, making abstract numbers tangible. By clarifying the differences in measurement methods, this resource aids in grasping how trace amounts impact our world.

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Understanding Concentrations: From Parts Per Billion to Parts Per Million

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  1. What Do Concentrations Mean? How much is 20 parts per billion?

  2. Low 0 to 20 ppb Normal 30-50 ppb High > 60 ppb How much Ozone?

  3. 350 ppm 350 molecules of carbon dioxide for every one million molecules of air mixture. Scientists would express this amount as 350 parts per million (ppm).

  4. or350 ppmv • “by Volume” • Some things are measured by mass (ppmm) • Some gases occur in even smaller amounts. • Ozone is measured in parts per billion (ppbv) • Some gases are measured in parts per trillion! (pptv)

  5. Parts per million • 1 12 oz can of soda per 30 meter swimming pool. • 1 3-oz chocolate bar/football field • 1 bogey/3,500 golf tournaments

  6. Parts per billion • 1 square foot/36 square miles • 1 bad apple/1,000,000 barrels of apples • 1 pinch of salt/10 tons of potato chips

  7. Parts per trillion • 1 square inch/250 square miles • 1 postage stamp/an area the size of Dallas, Texas • 1 flea/360,000,000 elephants!

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