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NORMAL SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION

This overview explores the complex process of sexual differentiation, focusing on essential concepts such as genotype, gonadal sex, and phenotype. We delve into the genetic underpinnings of male (XY) and female (XX) characteristics, the role of testis-determining genes (SRY), and the impact of hormones like testosterone and estrogens. Additionally, we consider how social gender identity, roles, and sexual orientation develop, shaped by both biological factors and environmental interactions. This comprehensive approach highlights the interplay of biology and society in determining gender.

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NORMAL SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION

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  1. NORMAL SEXUALDIFFERENTIATION Suganda Tanuwidjaja

  2. IDENTITAS GENDER • Genotype • Gonadale Sex • Phenotype Sex • Social Gender

  3. GENOTYPE Chromosomal (Genetic) Sex Testis-Determining Genes XY XX Ovary-Determining Genes Gonadale Sex Gonadale Steroids And Peptidas (T.DHT.AMH) (Gonadale Steroids) ♂ ♀ Phenotypic Sex

  4. CHROMOSOMAL SEX • Male : 46 XY • Female : 46 XX Y Chromosome (SRY Gene) Diff. of The Bipotential Gonad Testis X Chromosome One Dose Active

  5. GONADAL SEX • Gonadal Sex is determined by SRY • Indiff. Gonad (SRY) Ovary (+SRY) Testis

  6. 1 X Chromosome : SRY Gonad Ovary (Fetal Periode) Ova Atrophy (Only 1 Chr)

  7. STEROID METABOLISM OF GONAD Cholesterol Androgen Enzim Estrogen

  8. PHENOTYPE SEX • Internal Ducts • External Genital Appearance • Peran Androgen

  9. INTERNAL SEX DUCTS BIPOTENTIAL Masculine Wolffian Ducts Feminine Mullerian Ducts

  10. TESTICULAR PEPTIDE PRDCT(SERTOLI CELL) Mullerian Duct Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Mullerian Duct Atrophy Wolffian Duct Developed

  11. WITHOUT... MIF Developed : • Uterus • Oviduct • Upper 2/3 of Vagina

  12. LEYDIG CELL Testosteron Wolffian Ducts • Epididymis • Vas Deferens • Seminal Vesicle

  13. EXTERNAL GENITALIA • Bipotential 8 Weeks • Genital Tubercle Clitoris • Urogenital Fold Labia Minora • Labioscrotal Swelling Labia Majora

  14. Testosterone Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 5α Reductase Enzyme Androgen Receptor (ARs)

  15. Penis Genital Tubercle DHT ARs Urogenital Slit Penile Urethra Labioscrotal Fold Scrotum

  16. 1st TRIMESTER Maternal Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Fetal Testes Testosterone Male Development

  17. 2nd TRIMESTER Fetal Pituitary Gonadotropin Testicular Activity Further Normal Growth of The Penis

  18. SOCIAL GENDER • Gender Development : 1. Gender Identity 2. Gender Role 3. Sexual Orientation 4. Desire & Capacity for Parenting

  19. DETERMINED FACTORS • Surrounding • Physical Differentiation • Interaction • Prenatal Androgen

  20. Thank You

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