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Culture & Hookworms

Culture & Hookworms. The Relationship of Human Culture and Necator Americanus and Anclystoma Duodenale Ian Moreau. Biology Recap. Enters through skin Migrates through lungs Develops in intestine Eggs passed through feces Larvae live in soil. Historical Accounts.

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Culture & Hookworms

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  1. Culture & Hookworms The Relationship of Human Culture and Necator Americanus and Anclystoma Duodenale Ian Moreau

  2. Biology Recap • Enters through skin • Migrates through lungs • Develops in intestine • Eggs passed through feces • Larvae live in soil

  3. Historical Accounts • A. Duodenale has been known in England and Belgium since the first century • N. Americanus found in Brazil and Texas, but originated in the Old World • Arthur Looss discovered skin entry method in 1896 • First hookworm to have life cycle explained

  4. Cultural Practices • Lack of sanitation and skin protection two main factors in transmission • Usually found in poorer areas of Africa, South America and South-east Asia • Use of night soil in Asia

  5. Geographical Distributions Ancylstoma Duodenale Necator Americanus

  6. Infrastructure Problems • Migration from rural to urban settings • Human manufacture of developmental areas • Monoculture of coffee plants • Improper mine sanitation

  7. Response To the Parasite • Several treatments include: • Albendazole: oral, abdominal pain, diarrhea • Mebendazole: oral, abdominal pain, diarrhea • Pyrantel Pamoate: oral, few side effects • Better Sanitation • Combat use of night soil

  8. References • http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/ent156html/nemas/ancylostomanecator • http://tmcr.usuhs.mil/tmcr/chapter12/geographical.htm • Tanner, S.N. A POPULATION IN TRANSITION: HEALTH, CULTURE CHANGE, AND INTESTINAL PARASITISM AMONG THE TSIMANE’ OF LOWLAND BOLIVIA. University of Michigan: Department of Anthropology, 2005. • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Hookworm.htm

  9. Questions? “Through man, by promiscuous defecation, ignorance, malnutrition and overcrowding, hookworm disease still maintains a place in pathology." • De Leon and Maldonado

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