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Test Review Packet #5

This review explores the fundamental parts of plant and animal cells, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and chloroplasts. It highlights the unique features of plant and animal cells, such as the cell wall and chloroplasts in plants, and centrioles in animal cells. The discussion of life processes covers nutrition, transport, respiration, excretion, regulation, and reproduction, detailing both asexual and sexual reproduction, as well as the importance of water and homeostasis in organisms’ survival.

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Test Review Packet #5

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  1. Test Review Packet #5 Organisms

  2. Plant and Animal Cell Parts • Nucleus - Controls cell activities, store genetic material • Cytoplasm - Thick fluid where life processes occur • Cell membrane - The “skin” of the cell which regulates what goes in and out of the cell • Mitochondria - Where food is burned “respiration”. The power house • Ribosome - Synthesis, where proteins are made • Lysosomes - Digestion, digestive enzymes are stored there • Vacuole - Where digestion occurs and excess fluid is stored • Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis, glucose is produced in green plants

  3. Animal Cell Plant Cell

  4. Plant and Animal Cells • Plants have a cell wall. • gives shape and support to the cell • Plants have chloroplasts • Contain chlorophyll which helps them make their own food. • Animal cells have centrioles • help in cell division.

  5. Life Processes – Nutrition • Plants – Green plants make food by photosynthesis. • Glucose and oxygen are produced. • Animals – get nutrients from eating plants and animals. • Ingestion – • Digestion – • Elimination -

  6. Transport • Water is necessary for life and transport • Water helps move materials in an organism • Helps produce food in plants • Helps blood carry nutrients to cells and carries waste away from them.

  7. Respiration/Excretion • Respiration is the release of energy from food. • Animals, sugar + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water • Plants, energy + carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen • Excretion is the elimination of waste. • Waste like carbon dioxide is carried by blood and filtered through exhaling, perspiration and urinating.

  8. Regulation/Reproduction • Regulation is an organisms response to environment changes. • Maintaining a constant internal environment is called homeostasis. • Two types of reproduction Sexual and Asexual.

  9. Asexual Reproduction • Involves only one parent. • Offspring are identical to the parent. • 3 types – binary fission, budding, and regeneration.

  10. Sexual Reproduction • Two parents • Offspring has traits of both parents. • Female produces egg cell • male produces sperm cell. • When the two cells join, it is called fertilization.

  11. Growth • Metamorphosis is the change in a creature as it grows into an adult. • The organism grows and produces offspring. • This is the life cycle.

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