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Physical and Developmental Assessment of the Child

Physical and Developmental Assessment of the Child. Chapter 7. General Approaches Toward Examining the Child. Head-to-toe sequence for assessing adult clients Sequence for pediatric assessments generally altered to accommodate child’s developmental needs

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Physical and Developmental Assessment of the Child

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  1. Physical and Developmental Assessment of the Child Chapter 7

  2. General Approaches Toward Examining the Child • Head-to-toe sequence for assessing adult clients • Sequence for pediatric assessments generally altered to accommodate child’s developmental needs • Usually save invasive and painful procedures for last

  3. Goals of Pediatric Assessment • Minimize stress and anxiety associated with assessment of various body parts. • Foster trusting nurse-child-parent relationships. • Allow for maximum preparation of child. • Preserve security of parent-child relationship. • Maximize accuracy of assessment findings.

  4. Preparation of the Child • Child’s perception of painful procedures—tell child what will happen within their scope of understanding • Cooperation usually enhanced with parent’s presence unless an adolescent, then give choice • Age-appropriate techniques—i.e.,begin with games and non-invasive procedures • Use non-threatening approach • Do as much as possible first without touching

  5. Physical Examination • Growth measurements • Recumbent length for infants up to age 36 months + weight and head circumference • Standing height + weight after age 36 months • Plot on growth chart • By gender and prematurity if appropriate • <5th or >95th percentile considered outside expected parameters for ht, wt, head circ.

  6. Growth • Ethnic differences • Expected growth spurts at various ages • Use of skin fold thickness and arm circumference for evaluation of body composition of muscle and adipose tissue • Significance of head circumference measurements

  7. Physiologic Measurements • Importance of physiologic measurements in overall pediatric assessment • Comparison with normal values for each age group

  8. Infant and Toddler Vital Sign Measurement • Count respirations FIRST (before disturbing the child) • Count apical HR SECOND • Measure BP (if applicable) THIRD • Measure temperature LAST

  9. Pediatric Blood Pressures • Measurement devices • Cuff selection • Cuff placement • Interpretation of BP measurement

  10. Physical Assessment • General appearance • Skin • Hair, nails, hygiene • Lymph nodes • Head and neck • EENT

  11. Physical Assessment (cont’d) • Chest • Heart • Lungs • Abdomen • Genitalia • Back and extremities • Neurologic assessment

  12. Developmental Assessment • Screening procedures • To identify children whose developmental level is below normal for chronologic age and who therefore require further investigation

  13. Denver Developmental Screening Test II • AKA “Denver II” • Widely used, standardized measures • Examiners must be specifically trained and certified in use of the tools • Interpretation of test • Recommendations/referrals

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