Chapter 9 Review

1. Chapter 9 Review PUNNETT SQUARES AND MORE

2. Define genotype. • The genetic makeup of an organism

3. Define allele. • An alternate form of a gene.

4. Define recessive. • An allele that is hidden unless there are two of them

5. Define dominant. • An allele that is fully expressed, it determines the phenotype of an organism.

6. What word refers to the physical appearance of an organism? • Phenotype

7. When doing a test cross, an organism with unknown genotype is mated with one… • That is homozygous recessive for a trait

8. What is a carrier? • Someone heterozygous for a disease that shows no symptoms but CAN pass it on to offpsring.

9. John is blind, which is recessive. His parents are NOT blind. What are their genotypes? John’s? • Parents: Heterozygous (for example: Bb) • John: homozygous recessive (bb)

10. Name some recessive disorders. • Deafness • Albinism • Cystic Fibrosis • PKU • Sickle Cell • Tay Sachs

11. Name some dominant disorders. • Dwarfism • Althzimers • Huntington’s disease • High (hyper) cholesterol

12. Name some sex linked disorders. • Color blindness • Baldness • Hemophilia • Muscular dystrophy

13. If both alleles are expressed when someone is heterozygous, we call this ______. • Codominance

14. What are the sex chromosomes of a man? • XY

15. Is blood type codominance or incomplete? • Codominance

16. How many sex chromosomes are in a sperm? • One, either X or Y

17. Genes located on sex chromosomes are called • Sex linked genes

18. Why do men get sex linked genes more often than women? • Men only need to have one recessive allele (on their one X gene) in order to get the condition. Women have to inherit 2, one on each X.

19. What’s the name of the monk and what did he study? • Gregor Mendel • peas

20. What is heterozygous? • Two different alleles for the same trait, one dominant and one recessive, written Bb.

21. What are the 3 types of fetal screening?Which is the LEAST invasive? • Ultrasound, CVS, amniocentesis • Ultrasound

22. Skin color, due to many genes, is caused by • Polygenic inheritance

23. Brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). What is the genotype of a heterozygous person. • Bb

24. Brown eyes are dominant (B) to blue (b). White hair (W) is dominant to gray (w). What’s the genotype of blue eyes and grey hair? • bbww

25. Brown eyes are dominant (B) to blue (b). White hair (W) is dominant to gray (w). genotype. Bbww = • Brown eyes, gray hair

26. Purple flowers are dominant to white. Cross 2 heterozygous flowers. What’s the probability of a white flower? • 1/4

27. Purple flowers are dominant to white. Cross a heterozygous with a white. What’s the probability of a white flower? • 1/2

28. Purple flowers are dominant to white. Cross two homozygous purple flowers. What’s the probability of a white flower? • 0

29. Brown eyes are dominant. A blue eyed child has brown eyed parents. What are their genotypes? • Bb and Bb

30. Brown eyes are dominant to blue. Two heterozygous parents have a child. What is the probability that the child will have brown eyes? • 3/4

31. Tall plants are dominant to short. A homozygous tall and short plant are crossed. What is the expected phenotypic ratio • 4/4 tall

32. Purple flowers are dominant to white. Cross a heterozygous with a white. If there are 400 babies, how many will be white? • 200

33. Incomplete dominance: Red (RR), Pink (Rr), white (rr). Cross a red and white and show your phenotypic ratio. • 4/4 pink

34. Incomplete dominance: Red (RR), Pink (Rr), white (rr). Cross two pinks. How many offspring will be red? • ¼ red

35. Incomplete dominance: Red (RR), Pink (Rr), white (rr). Cross 2 pinks and show the phenotypic ratio • 1 red: 2 pink: 1 white

36. Incomplete dominance: Red (RR), Pink (Rr), white (rr). Cross 2 pinks and show the genotypic ratio • 1 RR: 2 Rr: 1 rr

37. A man has heterozygous B blood, a woman has heterozygous A blood. What can their children have? • A, B, AB, or O

38. Mom has type A blood. Baby has type O. Dad 1 has type AB and Dad 2 has type A. Who is the baby daddy? • Dad 2

39. A person with type AB can receive what blood types? Any, AB is the universal receiver O is the universal donor.

40. Color blindness is sex-linked. Cross a normal man with a carrier woman. What are the chances a son will be blind? • 1/2

41. Color blindness is sex-linked. Cross a normal man with a carrier woman. What are the chances a daughter will be blind? • 0

42. Color blindness is sex-linked. Cross a blind man and a carrier. What are the chances a daughter will be a carrier? • 1/2

43. Color blindness is sex-linked. Cross a blind man and a blind woman. What are the chances a daughter will be blind? • 100%

44. Long (L) is dom to short (l) and yellow (Y) is dom to green (y). Cross a homozygous long heterozygous yellow with a short ?heterozygous yellow bird. How many are LlYy? • 8/16

45. Using the same results, what proportion of offspring will have long yellow feathers? • 12/16

46. Dark (D) is dom to light and Brown (B) is dom to blue. Cross two people heterozygous for BOTH traits. What is the prob of a light brown eyed child? • 3/16

47. Dark (D) is dom to light and Brown (B) is dom to blue. Cross a heterozygous dark heterozygous brown with a light heterozygous brown. Show phenotypic ratios. • 6/16 dark brown, 6/16 light brown, 2/16 dark blue, 2/16 light blue

48. In pedigrees, circles represent • women

49. A filled in circle or square means • Someone has the condition or disease • Genotype is homozygous recessive (aa)

50. Horizontal lines between people indicate • They are married or have offspring together