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The Emancipation Proclamation and the Civil War's Transformative Years

The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, aimed to free slaves in rebelling states against the Union. While it initially had limited effects, it transformed the Civil War's objectives by framing it as a fight against slavery, uniting Northern troops under a new cause. U.S. Grant's leadership and tactics of total war, such as Sherman's infamous March to the Sea, characterized this pivotal era. The 1864 election, Lincoln's victory, and the eventual surrender of Confederate forces at Appomattox marked significant turning points in U.S. history, culminating in the abolition of slavery.

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The Emancipation Proclamation and the Civil War's Transformative Years

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  1. Final Years and The Lost Cause Tuesday Oct. 5, 2010 Mr. Paulson

  2. Spark 7 • What was the Emancipation Proclamation? • Jan 1 1863, slaves in areas of rebellion against Union would be free • What was Lincoln’s position? Effects of the E.P.? • Quote on p. 171. Ends to a means. • Effects-none at first, border states unaffected, criticism from both camps in north, Europe applauds and ends chance France or G.B. will help South • For African Americans-southern slaves escape, northern free men join Union Army • How did the E.P. change the nature of the war? • All of sudden key goal of war is eradicating slavery, gave Northerners a crusade

  3. 1864 • U.S. Grant: • Grant (after victories in West @ Shiloh, Vicks.) given command of Union Army • War of Attrition • Union strategy** to wear out R. E. Lee: destroy supplies, attack cities, engage in “total war” • Battle of Wilderness • First major meeting b/n Lee and Grant (stalemate) • Battle characterizes future encounters- 60,000 Americans will die at place like Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor.

  4. 1864 • The Crater: • Grant corners Lee at Petersburg • Lee digs trenches • A. Burnside tries to blow up trenches w/a tunnel-forgets the ladders • Sherman’s “March to Sea” • W.T. Sherman- “total war” cuts communication, destroys Georgia countrside (new type of warfare) • Sherman’s neckties • “War is cruelty, there is no use trying to reform it. The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over.” • Election of 1864: Lincoln v. McClellan • Will decide whether or not to continue the war • Lincoln wins

  5. 1865 • 13th Amendment • Abolishes slavery-entire Union • p. 190 • Petersburg • Lee abandons Petersburg and later Richmond • Supplies are rapidly dwindling!! • Richmond • Grant follows Lee and destroys Richmond-Lincoln later visits

  6. 1865 • Appomattox • Lee is cornered by two Union armies • Surrenders at Appomattox courthouse (Wilmer Mclean) and asks other CSA groups to lay down arms • Terms are kind: not punished as traitors, fed by Union • Union celebrates-Grant stops them- “the rebels are our countrymen again.” • Assassination • A few days after surrender Lincoln killed at Ford’s theater by John Wilkes Booth (“deadliest bullet of the war”) • Question: Why the deadliest bullet of the war?

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