Hunter Gatherer Versus Settled Communities

1. Hunter Gatherer Versus Settled Communities The impact of the Neolithic Revolution

2. Hunting and Gathering • Use wild animals and plants for food. • Migrate seasonally. • Live in family or tribal groups.

3. Advantages • The land supplies whatever is needed. • Movement is easier when food is scarce. • Life encourages cooperation and language skills. • Special weapons and tools develop for hunting and digging up plants.

4. Disadvantages • People are always searching for new food sources. • It is more difficult to store food. • People must carry everything along when traveling. • Only simple social organization was possible.

6. Settled Communities • Raise herds of tame animals. • Dog, sheep, cattle, etc. • Plant seeds and raise crops. • Live in permanent settlements.

7. Advantages • Crops provide a reliable food supply. • Population grows as life becomes more complex. • Societies become more complex. • Trade increases and commerce develops. • Division of labor allows workers to specialize.

8. Jericho • Jericho • Close to Jordan River and deep and clear waters of an oasis spring account for repeated human settlement • 7000 B.C., over ten acres round houses of mud and brick resting on stone foundations. • Usually early houses single room - mud floors and a domed ceiling, some had as many as three rooms. • No evidence the town was fortified in early stages of its growth • Expanding wealth made tbuilding of walls for protection from external enemies necessary • Town enclosed by a ditch cut into rocky soil and a wall almost 12 feet in height. Extensive excavation required for construction iimpressive because the peoples who undertook it possessed neither picks nor shovels. The • Stones for wall were dragged from riverbed a mile away. • These feats of transport and construction suggest a large, well organized and disciplined labor

9. x Catal Huyuk • Rirstcommunity in southern Turkey founded around 7000 B.C., later than Jericho. • CatalHuyuk was most advanced human center of the Neolithic period. At peak of power contained 6000 people. • Its rectangular buildings,centersof family life and community interaction, • Remarkably uniform - built of mud-dried bricks. Windows high in walls entered from holes in flat roofs. also served as chimneys for the fireplaces houses contained. • The houses were joined together to provide fortification for town. Movement was across the roofs and terraces of the houses. • When ladders to roof entrance was pulled up, each became a separate fortress within the larger complex. • Grew grain, traded some. • Page17 of text

10. Disadvantages • Crop failures due to weather or pests cause famines. • Floods, fire, or even raiders could destroy villages. • Disease spreads easily when people live together.