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An Empirical Study on Wireless Network Security for Retailers

Explore the security of wireless networks in retail settings, focusing on the shift from WEP to WPA/WPA2 protocols and the risks posed by outdated security measures. The study includes real-world examples of breaches and tools used for network penetration testing.

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An Empirical Study on Wireless Network Security for Retailers

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  1. An Empirical Study on Wireless Network Security for Retailers Khai Tran

  2. Introduction • Retail merchants have been incorporating wireless solutions into their networks to increase efficiency and enhance the customer experience in order to increase margins. • Apple – wireless handheld devices that provided credit authorization • Starbucks – free Wi-Fi access for AT&T customers or those who wish to pay a fee $3.99 for two hours • Home Depot – wireless handheld devices are used throughout the store to perform inventory, price changes, and various other tasks. • In doing so, some merchants are potentially opening up their doors to unlawful access by hackers who intend to do harm.

  3. Lowe’s and TJX • Lowe’s - 2003 • Loosely protected wireless connection in Southfield, MI branch led to intrusion • Trio of hackers (Brian Salcedo, Adam Botbyl, Paul Timmons) installed “hacking” software and were able to access Lowe’s stores in CA, KS, SD, and other states • TJX - 2005 • Two Miami-area Marshalls stores were compromised due to a breach in their unsecured wireless network • Intruders had access to millions of credit card numbers due to weak data encryption

  4. Purpose Are Retailers Still Using WEP? Goals: Scan wireless networks of retailers to determine if networks are secured and what type of security As a Proof of Concept, setup a personal WLAN and attempt to crack WEP and WPA passwords to determine feasibility of attacks

  5. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) • Introduced in 1997 to secure 802.11 wireless networks • Several weaknesses detected in 2001 • Simple Initialization Vector (IV) • 24-bits • Repeats after about 5000 packets • Single shared key • Susceptible to eavesdropping • Declared by IEEE in 2004 as failing to meet security requirements

  6. WPA/WPA2 (Wifi Protected Access) • Introduced in 2003 to replace WEP • IV is increased from 24 to 48 bits • Re-use of keys is unlikely • 256 bit keys as opposed to 128 • 2^128 • Implements TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) to support pre-WPA

  7. Tools Used for Passive Scans • OCZ Neutrino netbook • Window XP SP3 • Intel Atom (N270) 1.60 GHz, 2.0 GB RAM • RealTek RTL8187SE Wireless LAN PCIE • WirelessNetView software • Created by Nir Sofer • Version 1.26 • www.nirsoft.net • Why was WirelessNetView chosen for passive scans? • Cities scanned Sacramento Citrus Heights Roseville Oroville Chico

  8. Sample Scan with WirelessNetView

  9. Scan Results • 65 retail networks were scanned over a period of two weeks • Security • Less than 17% (11) were still using WEP to secure their network • Of the 17%, only three (0.5%) were Big Box retailers while all the others were small local retail shops • Most retailers have adopted WPA • No Security • Just over 26% (17) had no security on their network • 13 of these 17 were Big Box retailers

  10. What is BackTrack? • Created by Mati Aharoni and Max Moser • Supported by Linux community • www.remote-exploit.org • Live Linux distro based on Slackware and available as a Live CD or on USB boot • Includes tools such as kismet, metasploit, wireshark • Used for pen testing, network security and analysis

  11. Tools Used For Cracking • Dell Latitude D820 • Window XP SP2 • Intel Core 2 (T7200) 2.00 GHz, 2.0 GB RAM • Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG • 2Wire 3800HGV-B Uverse Router • WEP, WPA, WPA2 • BackTrack version 3 • airmon-ng • airodump-ng • aireplay-ng • aircrack-ng • macchanger

  12. Steps to Cracking WEP • Spoof MAC address • Turn wireless card into monitoring mode • Scan available networks and capture packets • Inject ARP-request packets into network to generate traffic • Feed data to aircrack-ng for password cracking

  13. Check Wireless Driver

  14. Spoof MAC • Covering your tracks…

  15. Search Available Networks #airodump-ng wifi0

  16. Capture Packets On Target Network • airodump-ng -c 3 -w smacs --bssid 00:21:7C:4E:89:51 wifi0

  17. Inject Packets & Attempt to Crack • aireplay-ng -3 –b 00:21:7C:4E:89:51 –h 00:11:22:33:44:55 wifi0 • aircrack-ng -b 00:21:7C:4E:89:51 smacs-01.cap

  18. WEP Cracking Demonstration • Linksys Wireless-G Router (WRT54G) • SSID - 693TEST • MAC – 00:1D:7E:35:AA:6D

  19. Cracking WPA • Requires deauthentication from AP and re-authentication

  20. WPA-PSK Cracking Service

  21. www.wpacracker.com

  22. Conclusion • Big Box Retailers • Most have either adopted WPA to secure their network or provided public portals for user authentication • Small & Local Retail Shops • A small number are still using WEP or no security at all

  23. Afterthoughts • Residential Wireless Networks • A lot of networks are still using WEP • Scan of Nord Ave • 182 networks detected • 36% (65) are using WEP • Out of the 182 networks, 29 are obvious 2WIRE### routers • 27 of these are using WEP • 2006 survey by A. Bittau, M. Handley, and J. Lackey • 400 networks scanned in London • 76% WEP, 20% WPA, 4% 802.11i • 2,539 networks scanned in Sattle • 85% WEP, 14% WPA, 1% 802.11i

  24. 2WIRE WEP Networks

  25. Questions?

  26. References • Andrea Bittau, Mark Handley, Joshua Lackey, "The Final Nail in WEP?s Coffin," sp, pp.386-400, 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P'06), 2006. • Highspeed internet access at Starbucks. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.starbucks.com/retail/wireless.asp • Kjell J. Hole, Erlend Dyrnes, Per Thorsheim, "Securing Wi-Fi Networks," Computer, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 28-34, July 2005, doi:10.1109/MC.2005.241 • Carsten Maple, Helen Jacobs, Matthew Reeve, "Choosing the Right Wireless LAN Security Protocol for the Home and Business User," ares, pp.1025-1032, First International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES'06), 2006 • Carmen Nobel. (November 21, 2005). Home Depot Tackles Network Challenge. Retrieved from http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Mobile-and-Wireless/Home-Depot-Tackles-Network-Challenge/ • Kevin Poulsen. (November 12, 2003). Wireless hacking bust in Michigan. Retrieved from http://www.securityfocus.com/news/7438 • Kim Zetter. (October 26, 2007). TJX Failed to Notice Thieves Moving 80-GBytes of Data on its Network. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2007/10/tjx-failed-to-n/ • Kim Zetter. (July 17, 2009). 4 Years After TJX Hack, Payment Industry Sets Security Standards. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/07/pci/ • Songhe Zhao, Charles A. Shoniregun, "Critical Review of Unsecured WEP," services, pp.368-374, 2007 IEEE Congress on Services (Services 2007), 2007 • www.nirsoft.net/about_nirsoft_freeware.html • http://it.slashdot.org/story/09/12/07/2322235/WPA-PSK-Cracking-As-a-Service • www.aircrack-ng.org

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