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Understanding Blood: Components, Functions, and Conditions

Blood is a vital non-living fluid matrix comprising plasma and formed elements, with normal adult volume between 5 to 6 liters. It contains red blood cells (erythrocytes), which make up 45% of total blood volume, and are rich in hemoglobin for oxygen transport. White blood cells (leukocytes), forming 1% of blood volume, serve as the body’s defense against infections. Blood conditions like leukocytosis and leukopenia indicate varying health statuses, while platelets play a crucial role in clotting. This overview explains blood components, their functions, and common disorders.

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Understanding Blood: Components, Functions, and Conditions

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  1. Sanrio M. Canillo BBTE 2-1 BLOOD

  2. Non-living fluid matrix plasma and formed elements Dull-red in color, depending on the amount of the oxygen carried Normal adult blood volume: 5 to 6 liters

  3. Classification of Blood Cells Erythrocytes – Red Blood Cells Leukocytes – White Blood Cells

  4. Erythrocytes

  5. ERYTHROCYTES • 45 %of total blood volume • Small biconcave disk shaped cell • Contains HEMOGLOBIN • 1 red blood cell = 250 Million hemoglobin molecule • 1 hemoglobin molecule = 4 molecules of Oxygen • Normal blood contains men: 14 to 18 g, women: 12 to 16 g

  6. Leukocytes

  7. LEUKOCYTES • Body’s defense against diseases • 4000 to 11000 WBC / cubic mm • 1% of the total blood volume • Forms a protective army that helps defend the body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites and tumor cells • Capable to slip in and out of the blood vessel by the process of DIAPEDESIS

  8. PASSIVE CHEMOTAXIS - WBC alarm system; process where leukocytes can locate areas of tissue damage and infection in the body by responding to certain chemicals that diffuse from the damaged cells. • Leukocytosis - A condition wherein the total WBC count is over 11,000 / cubic mm. This generally indicates that a bacteria or viral infection is stewing in the body.

  9. Leukopenia - a condition where there is an abnormally low WBC count, caused by the presence of certain drugs • Leukemia - a condition where there is excessive production of abnormal WBC. Bone marrow becomes cancerous and a huge number of WBC are produced rapidly.

  10. THREE MAJOR GROUPS • GRANULOCYTES– 65% of total WBC count; WBC with granules. 3 types: • POLYMORPHONUCLEAR Leukocytes/ NEUTROPHILS • EOSINOPHILS • BASOPHILS

  11. POLYMORPHONUCLEAR / NEUTROPHILS - Has the affinity to neutral dyes, appears color Violet

  12. EOSINOPHILS - Colored red, has the affinity to acidic dyes

  13. BASOPHILS - Has the affinity to basic dyes

  14. AGRANULOCYTES– 35% of total WBC count; do not contain cytoplasmic granules. 2 types: • Lymphocytes • Monocytes

  15. Agranulocytes Granulocytes

  16. PLATELETS / THROMBOCYTES - important for blood clotting - 150,000 to 250,000/cubic mm; - very small that they may clamp together.

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