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Urban Environments & Landscaping for Wildlife

This overview discusses the impact of urban environments on wildlife and provides tips on landscaping to attract and support birds. It also highlights the Florida bird monitoring program and how to certify your yard.

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Urban Environments & Landscaping for Wildlife

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  1. Urban Environments & Landscaping for Wildlife Mark Hostetler Extension Wildlife Specialist Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation IFAS, University of Florida

  2. Overview • Florida Cooperative Extension Service - Wildlife • Urban environments – people, wildlife, and impact • Landscaping for birds • Florida bird monitoring program • How to certify your yard

  3. Florida Cooperative Extension Service – Wildlife Who are we? • Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, IFAS, University of Florida • What do we do? • In issues regarding wildlife • Advise the public • Develop educational programs • Disseminate information • Conduct research

  4. Available Wildlife Information? • Landscaping for wildlife • Conservation and management of wildlife • Human/wildlife conflict • Detailed information on species • Wildlife education programs

  5. Where to Go for Info? • Web site: www.wec.ufl.edu/extension • Print on demand • Links and information • Educational programs • Call your local extension office • Call Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission or visit www.state.fl.us/fwc

  6. Urban Environments • Over 77% of people in North America live in urban areas

  7. Residential Developments • Impact on Natural Resources: • Energy, Water, and Natural Habitat

  8. All animals need: • Food • Cover • Water • Space Habitat Landscaping for Wildlife Photo by Joe Schaefer

  9. Birds? Y.-rumped Warbler R.-thr. Hummingbird Northern Mockingbird Red-tailed Hawk O.-crowned Warbler

  10. Egg Baby Bird Immature Adult Reproductive Adult Life History Stages of a Bird

  11. Seasons of a Bird • Breeding • Wintering (non-breeding season) • Migrating (Fall and Spring Migration )

  12. Summer Winter Range Map – House Wren

  13. Year-round Species Northern Mockingbird Tufted Titmouse Carolina Chickadee Screech Owl

  14. Migratory Species Red-eyed Vireo American Goldfinch American Redstart

  15. Partial Migrants

  16. Different species may appear in your yard at different times of the year Your Yard Can Serve As: A breeding site A wintering site A stop-over site (A dispersal site)

  17. Providing Habitat for Birds

  18. FOOD

  19. Provide Insects Photos courtesy of www.flwildflowers.com

  20. Insect Eaters Yellow Warbler Great-crested Flycatcher Hairy Woodpecker

  21. Insect Habitat = Bird Habitat • Plant native species • Save dead trees (snags) • Reduce pesticide use • - Spot treat • - Use alternative methods of insect control • Reduce the amount of mowed lawn • - Design islands of “wild” areas

  22. Suet/Peanut Butter Feeder • During winter, stock a wire cage with peanut butter or suet

  23. Provide Seed

  24. Seed Eaters White-crowned Sparrow House Finch Blue Jay Tufted Titmouse

  25. Seed Feeders • Hanging feeders • Platform feeders

  26. Provide Fruit • Plant native fruit species • Many different plant species produce fruit (hollies, cedar trees, beauty berries, wax myrtles) www.flwildflowers.com Beautyberry Holly spp.

  27. Plant species with • red, tubular flowers www.flwildflowers.com Trumpet vine • Provide a hummingbird • feeder • (¼ cup of sugar to 1 cup of hot water) Provide Nectar

  28. Fruit and Nectar Eaters Ruby-throated Hummingbird Northern Mockingbird Cedar Waxwing Brown Thrasher

  29. Provide Meat

  30. Meat Eaters Loggerhead Shrike Barred Owl Great-horned Owl

  31. COVER

  32. Cavities • Cavities are in short supply in neighborhoods

  33. Primary Cavity Nesters Pileated Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker

  34. Secondary Cavity Nesters • Photos of owls, titmice, chickadees, etc. Tufted Titmouse Carolina Chickadee Great-crested Flycatcher Eastern Bluebird

  35. Providing Cavities • Leave a snag on your property (woodpeckers) • Provide a nesting box • (secondary cavity • nesters)

  36. Vegetation for Cover • Plant or maintain a variety of plant species • Increase vertical height diversity

  37. Organized Chaos • Stop mowing!

  38. WATER

  39. Running water • Ponds Water • Bird baths

  40. Space

  41. Example: Trees and a Bird

  42. Scale-dependent Decisions of a Wren and a Hawk Tract Home Range Habitat Patches Food Patches Tract Home Range Habitat Patches Food Patches

  43. HAWK

  44. WREN

  45. Different Birds Make Decisions at Different Scales Larger birds = broader scales and larger patch sizes Smaller birds = limited scales and smaller patch sizes

  46. How To Plan For Space? • Be aware of habitats surrounding your • property and plan accordingly • Think about the size of the bird • Talk with your neighbors (e.g., plan bigger patches) • Experiment! • Embrace uncertainty!

  47. Summary • Bird Habitat – food, cover, water , & space • Life Stages – breeding, wintering, & migration • Food - plant for insects, fruit, nectar & small • animals; provide bird feeders

  48. Summary • Cover - vertical height diversity; “wild areas”; • keep snags, provide nest boxes • Water – ponds, bird baths, running water • Space – scale and bird size, talk with neighbors, • group vegetation

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