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Designing for Values

Designing for Values. Overview. Lectures Lagerhuis How responsible is your SPG?. Introduction to Value Sensitive Design (VSD). VSD: Expressing moral values in engineering design. First stage: technology only. IT: First seen as general purpose technology Provide solutions to problems

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Designing for Values

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  1. Designing for Values

  2. Overview Lectures Lagerhuis How responsible is your SPG?

  3. Introduction to Value Sensitive Design (VSD) • VSD: Expressing moral values in engineering design

  4. First stage: technology only • IT: First seen as general purpose technology • Provide solutions to problems • Little attention to social context and users of the technology

  5. Second stage: users & context • Computers are used by humans, in different organisations and environments • How to successfully implement IT systems • User-friendliness, usability and user acceptance

  6. Third stage: IT should accommodate values • Beginning of 21st century • Successful application of IT should accommodate more values than just user-friendliness • What about equality, privacy, sustainability, autonomy, accountability etc.?

  7. Fourth stage: Constraints to technology to service society • IT should support and serve human beings (as citizens, patients etc.), their values, morals and social endeavours • Values as driving factors in the development in IT

  8. Summary • IT as just a technology → IT in a social context → Moral values as constraints → IT at the service of society • VSD: expressing moral values in engineering design; values should be driving factors in technology

  9. Why Use Value Sensitive Design? The Good The Bad

  10. Methodological Structure Repetition, adaptation and time. Observe.

  11. VSD in Responsible Innovation VSD is relevant to all innovation and design of new technology and technological artifacts.

  12. Embodying Values In Design Value Sensitive Design in technology: • Can technology embody values? • What values should we include in design? • How can we translate values into design requirements?

  13. Can technology embody values?

  14. Can technology embody values? • Instrumentalism Technology is value free Only an instrument Value depends on how it is used - American rifle association- However: It does enable

  15. Can technology embody values? • Instrumentalism Technology is value free • Substantivism Technology is always value-laden No influence on value by humans However: It denies influence by using and designing

  16. Can technology embody values? • Instrumentalism Technology is value free • Substantivism Technology is always value-laden • Interactionism Value in technology is created in interaction In how it is used and designed However: Values arising from design and usage can clash

  17. 2. What values should we include in design? • A lot of sources • Normative question • Value pluralism • Decision not impossible

  18. 3. How can we translate values into design requirements? Animal welfare Values Presence of laying nest Litter Perches Enough living space Norms At least 450 cm2 floor area per hen 10 cm feeding trough per bird 40 cm height over at least 65% of the area floor-slope of maximally 14% Design requirements Values Hierarchy on poultry battery cages Values Hierarchy

  19. 3. How can we translate values into design requirements?

  20. Lagerhuisdebate Introduction to responsible innovation Chapter 7

  21. Chapter 1: Responsible Innovation and Applied Ethics • Trolley example • Tragedy of the commons • Problem of the many hands

  22. Stelling: “Soldiers are themselves also responsible for protecting human rights in war zones.”

  23. Chapter 2: Moral dilemma's - Emotions - Institutions and Values : • Moral overload • Emotions and technological innovations • institutions and values

  24. Stelling: “Religion should play no part when discussing potential new innovation.”

  25. Chapter 3: Understanding and Identifying Risk • Technology Assessment • Precautionary Principle • Unknown Unknowns • Collingridge dilemma

  26. Stelling: “Innovation is too slow due to the fear of unknown unknowns”.

  27. Chapter 4: Incremental and Radical Innovation • New market vs existing market • New knowledge vs existing knowledge • Regular innovation and niche innovation • Architectural innovation and revolutionary innovation

  28. Stelling: “New ethical dilemma’s are a barrier in pursuing radical innovation”

  29. Chapter 5: Frugal Innovations as Responsible Innovations • Business model • Social inclusion

  30. Stelling: “Frugal innovation should include the consumers in the development process . ”

  31. Chapter 6: Risk analysis & safety engineering • Cost Benefit Analysis • Frameworks to list and mitigate risks; • Fault tree analysis, • Bow-Tie model • Risk matrices.

  32. Stelling: “We can put a price on human life, (Cost Benefit Analysis)”

  33. Chapter 7: Designing for values • VSD: expressing moral values in engineering design; • Four layers in IT • Values to take into account : • A lot of sources • Normative question • Value pluralism • Decision not impossible

  34. Stelling: “Technology is value free”

  35. How responsible is your SPG? Reflect on your SPG while using these keywords • Chapter 7: • Values • Value Sensitive Design • Urban Planning • Requirements • Chapter 1+2:a. Responsibilityb. Morals • Chapter 4+5:a. Radical and Incrementalb. Frugalc. Social inclusion • Chapter 3+6:a. Riskb. Precautionary principle

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