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Digital Imaging

Digital Imaging. Resolution and Aspect Ratios.

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Digital Imaging

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  1. Digital Imaging Resolution and Aspect Ratios

  2. Digital Images for screen display are measured in pixels (px).For example a HD frame is 1920 pixels wide and 1080 pixels high. The resolution is expressed as: 1920 x 1080.The ‘Aspect Ratio’ is the shape of the image frame. For example a 4:3 aspect ratio is 4 units wide x 3 units high. A 16:9 aspect ratio is 16 units wide and 9 units high.To calculate the total number of pixels within an image frame simply multiply the width and height. For example a Canon 5D MKII camera has a native image resolution of 5,616 x 3,744 pixels. When multiplied the resolution is 21,026,304 pixels in a single frame. This is often referred to as 21 Mega Pixels or a 21 MP camera. 4:3 Aspect Ratio 16:9 Aspect Ratio

  3. Canon 5D MKII Image (still): 5,616 x 3,744 pixels* 21.1 megapixels1080P HD Image: 1920 x 1080 pixels* 2.1 megapixels (9.8% of Canon Image)720P HD Image: 1280 x 720 pixels* 0.9 megapixels (4.3% of Canon Image)PAL SD Image: 720 x 576 pixels* 0.4 megapixels (1.9% of Canon Image) Pixel count comparison

  4. When using stills in a video editor like Premiere Pro or Avid – use Photoshop to re-size.Observe the following frame sizes to ensure your stills are displayed at optimum. Be aware that some formats such as PAL, NTSC, HDV, HDCAM have ‘non square pixels’. Pixel Aspect Ratio (PAR) must be taken into account if using these formats. You will need to look up the appropriate PAR depending on format.

  5. The individual pixels also have an aspect ratio – commonly referred to as Pixel Aspect Ratio (PAR). The pixels that make up a standard HD video image frame are SQUARE.Some video formats however have NON - SQUARE pixels which can cause confusion and squashed or elongated images if not handled correctly within the editing environment.The Colour Space of Digital Images for Screen is Red, Green, Blue commonly referred to as RGB. Print concepts and measurements have no place or application in Digital Video. Pixelation is an un-desirable artifact of digital images. Pixelation occurs when digital images are scaled UP beyond their native resolution.

  6. Adobe TV is an excellent resource to understand applications such as:Link to PhotoshopLink to Premiere ProLink to AuditionAs a video editor, you will be using these 3 applications extensively. You will save time and enjoy greater creativity by getting to know the most common uses for these applications and the tools within them that you will use regularly.Learning some common and well used keyboard shortcuts will also keep you smiling.

  7. PHOTOSHOPFoundation tasks you’ll need to know as a video editor.* Re-size stills to match your particular video format.* Apply basic colour correction to stills.* Create custom titles / lower thirds.* Import PSD files into Premiere Pro.

  8. PREMIERE PROFoundation tasks you’ll need to know as a video editor.* Start a new project file.* Import clips / footage into project file.* Set correct format of sequence to match footage format.* Create new Bins / Folders / Sequences* Set IN and OUT points.* Understand INSERT edits and OVERWRITE edits* Apply transitions.* Apply basic titling / lower thirds.* Animate titles / lower thirds using key frame motion* Understand time code.* Navigate through a timeline using keyboard shortcuts.* Use 3 point editing techniques* Apply J and L cuts* Use ‘Ken Burns’ effect on stills* Apply basic audio levels / fades / EQ* Apply basic colour correction / exposure settings

  9. AUDITIONFoundation tasks you’ll need to know as a video editor.* Apply compression / EQ to vocals.* Edit vocal tracks.* Set audio levels.* Work in multi-track mode.* Apply normalisation.* Apply fades.* Apply transitions.* Apply ‘ducking’ to vocals and music tracks.* Noise and Hum removal techniques* Using filters.* Format conversions.* File compression techniques.* Stereo / Mono concepts and processes.

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