Discovery of Cells

1. In 1665, scientist Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine thin slices of cork. He observed that cork is made of tiny, hollow compartments. The compartments reminded him of small rooms so he gave the “rooms” the name: cells. The plants Hooke observed were actually dead. He was actually observing cell walls and empty space. Discovery of Cells

2. Tradesman Anton vanLeeuwenhoek made better lenses for microscopes and was the first person to observe living cells. Discovery of the Cell

3. Read about these fine gentlemen in your Bio book (p. 70-71). Create a skit that entails a conversation between these scientists regarding the discovery of cells and microscopes. Decide “who is going to be who”, create your skit, and have fun  Performing for the class in optional  Cell Scientists????

4. All organisms are made of cells All existing cells are produced by other living cells Cells are the basic unit of life Cell Theory

5. Cell Vocabulary • Unicellular: one cell • Multicellular: more than one cell • Prokaryote: cells that do not have nuclei • Eukaryote: cells that do have defined cell organelles and nuclei

6. Note Break  Which domains of life have prokaryotic cells? Archae and Bacteria Which kingdoms of life have prokaryotic cells? Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Which kingdoms of life have eukaryotic cells? Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

7. What are Cell Organelles? • Cell organelles are structures that perform distinct processes within a cell. The cytoplasm of a cell contains the cell organelles. For example; chloroplasts and mitochondria are cell organelles found in the cytoplasm.

8. Nucleus Controls all cell functions Contains genetic information … DNA The “Brain” of the cell Cell OrganellesNucleus

9. Cell OrganellesNucleolus • Makes ribosomes • Located inside the nucleus

10. Cell OrganellesRibosomes • Site for protein synthesis • Protein synthesis is making proteins

11. Interconnected network of thin folded membranes The intracellular highway Transports ribosomes throughout the cell Cell OrganellesEndoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes B B. Rough ER: has ribosomes • Smooth ER: • no ribosomes A

13. Note Break  Using the construction paper provided, create the cell organelle, Endoplasmic Reticulum, including both smooth and rough ER.1) Fold your construction paper to demonstrate the network of thin folded membranes (Helpful Hint: fold accordion style). 2) Create ribosomes to illustrate rough ER. There are glue sticks and paper provided for the ribosomes. 3) Have fun and be sure to label the smooth and rough ER.

14. Cell OrganellesGolgi Apparatus • Also known as Golgi Body • Process, package, and secrete proteins • Some of the proteins are stored within the Golgi Bodies and some are transported to other cell organelles • Referred to as the Post Office

15. Cell OrganellesMitochondria • Supplies energy to the cell • Referred to as the Power House • Site for Cellular Respiration

16. Cell OrganellesChloroplast • Site for photosynthesis • ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS

17. Note Break  Compare Mitochondria to Chloroplasts MitochondriaChloroplasts Function: Shape: Composition: Cell Type: Energy / Cellular respiration Carries out photosythesis Bean shaped with 2 membranes. Bean shaped with inner and outer membranes. Stacks of discs within inner membrane. Have ribosomes and DNA Have ribosomes and DNA Both animal and plant cells Plant cells

18. Cell OrganellesVacuole • Storage organelle • May store water, food molecules and enzymes • Vacuoles are smaller in animal cells. Why do you think animal cell vacuoles are smaller?

19. Cell OrganellesLysosomes • Organelles that contain enzymes that defend the cell against bacteria and viruses

20. Cell OrganellesCentrioles • Cylinder shaped organelle that aid in cell division

21. Which Organelle Are You? When finished, work on cell organelle worksheet