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Chromosomal Organization: DNA Structure & Folding Mechanisms in Cells

Explore DNA conformation, supercoiling, histone packaging, telomere replication, and more. Learn about eukaryotic chromosome formation and molecular processes.

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Chromosomal Organization: DNA Structure & Folding Mechanisms in Cells

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  1. Chapter 7Molecular Organization of Chromosomes

  2. The range of genome sizes in the animal & plant kingdoms

  3. DNA can assume alternative conformations such as partially melted or supercoiled states

  4. Mechanism of action of a topoisomerase

  5. Mechanism of folding of a bacterial chromosome There are many supercoiled loops (~100 in E. coli) attached to a central core. Each loop can be independently relaxed or condensed.

  6. Packing of DNA in an eukaryotic cell involves wrapping around a core of basic (positively charged) proteins called histones

  7. Steps in the folding of DNA to create an eukaryotic chromosome

  8. The rate of renaturation of single stranded DNA depends upon the concentration and sequence complexity

  9. The rates of renaturation of DNAs with different kinetic complexities

  10. DNA of an eukaryotic cell has several components with different kinetic complexities

  11. DNA with low kinetic complexity is located in the middle (near the centromere) and at the ends (near the telomeres) of a chromosome

  12. Structure of the centromere in a Saccharomyces chromosome The centromere DNA has 4 centromere determining elements (CDEs)

  13. Replication of telomere DNA repeats

  14. Mechanism of replication of telomere DNA by the enzyme telomerase The enzyme telomerase has a RNA molecule that serves as the template for telomere DNA synthesis.

  15. Telomerase has protein and RNA components

  16. Proposed 4-stranded structure of telomere DNA in two protozoans

  17. Hydrogen bonding structure of G quartet

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