Baseball During World War II

1. Baseball During World War II

2. Introduction This presentation will discuss a few issues and attitudes of Americans surrounding baseball during World War II Thousands of American enlisted into the military in the days after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

3. Instructions At the Timeline slides, just click on the shape at the bottom to skip ahead to a different section or When you are finished with each line, just click the mouse to advance to the next line or slide. All American Girls Professional Baseball Just click on the arrow to follow along To return to this slide at any point, just click this icon

4. Ted Williams Ted Williams All American Girls Professional Baseball The Green Light Letter Baseball and 9/11/01 Replacement Players

5. In 1942 Williams enlisted in the Navy as a Pilot

6. “He mastered intricate problems in fifteen minutes which took the average cadet an hour and half of the other cadets there were college grads.“ – teammate and fellow Cadet Johnny Pesky Seen here together, Ted Williams and Johnny Pesky were teammates on the Red Sox, fought together in World War II, and remained friends for life.

7. Ted Williams was twice voted as the Most Valuable Player in the American League Williams won Baseball’s Triple Crown (home runs, batting average, and runs batted in) in 1942 and 1947 after returning from the war

8. Stan Musial, Joe DiMaggio, Warren Spahn, Yogi Berra, Pee Wee Reese, Phil Rizzutto, Bob Feller and Hank Greenberg were some All Stars among many other players who enlisted in the Armed Forces and fight in the war.

9. Quiz What are the three categories for baseball’s triple crown? CLICK FOR ANSWER Triple Crown of Baseball Home Runs, Runs Batted In (RBI), Batting Average

10. What does the word “enlisted” mean? CLICK FOR ANSWER Enlisted: Signing up for military service

11. Opinion Question • Why do you think Ted Williams and so many other baseball players chose to stop their baseball careers to enlist in the war? • Click for Quote: • “We were losing the war,” said Hall of Fame pitcher, Bob Feller. “We needed heroes.” Feller enlisted the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

12. All American Girls Professional Baseball League Ted Williams All-American Girls Professional Baseball The Green Light Letter Baseball and 9/11/01 Replacement Players

13. The All American Girls Professional Baseball League started in 1943 when most of the men were fighting in the war.

14. William Wrigley founded the AAGPBL because it was assumed that Major League Baseball would be suspended during the war.

15. Despite the fact that the MLB continued during the war, the AAGPBL gained in popularity every year until the war ended. The league folded in 1954.

16. The Rockford Peaches were the most successful AAGPBL League started in 1943 when most of the men were fighting in the war, winning championships in 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950 The players wore dresses and high socks, which did not protect their legs when sliding into bases They were instructed “to look like ladies and play like men.”

17. Quiz True or False: The All American Girls Professional Baseball League when World War II ended. CLICK FOR ANSWER False: Attendance was actually pretty good even after the war ended and the men returned to play. The AAGPBL lasted for 11 years before folding.

18. The Green Light Letter Ted Williams Women’s Professional Baseball The Green Light Letter Replacement Players

19. On January 14, 1942, Major League Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt regarding the continuation of baseball during the war, called the Green Light Letter.

20. President Roosevelt responds "I honestly feel that it would be best for the country to keep baseball going. There will be fewer people unemployed and everybody will work longer hours and harder than ever before. And that means that they ought to have a chance for recreation and for taking their minds off their work even more than before."

21. Attending baseball games was a community building event. Fans turned out in large numbers during the war Many baseball games featured fundraising events which went towards supporting the war.

22. Quiz Question for consideration: What reasons would you have kept baseball going in a time of world war?

23. Replacement Players and the Negro League Ted Williams Women’s Professional Baseball The Green Light Letter Replacement Players and the Negro League

24. Rather than integrate the Negro League players in with Major League Baseball, owners decided to sign replacement white players who were not able to fight nor good enough to play at the Major League level. Josh Gibson is regarded as the finest player in the Negro Leagues. People who saw him play compare him to Babe Ruth because of his transcendent talent. Click here for web page about Josh Gibson.

25. Over 500 major league and more than 2,000 minor league baseball players enlisted into the armed forces.

26. Despite the fact that many skilled African American baseball players were playing in the Negro League, players like Gray were used in the Major Leagues. Pete Gray lost his right arm in an accident, but was an outfielder for the St. Louis Browns Gray bat and fielded one handed. Click to watch a video of Pete Gray

27. Questions for consideration Why do you think that the owners of Major League teams chose not to select players from the Negro Leagues?

28. Sources • American Veterans Center • Studyofsports.com

29. End Slide