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The Foundations of Empiricism: John Locke's Influence on Knowledge and Liberty

John Locke, recognized as the "Founding Father" of empirical practices, argued that truth originates in human experience. His concept of "tabula rasa" suggests that we are born with blank minds, accumulating knowledge through sensory experiences. Locke believed that our understanding should evolve based on evidence, advocating for a system of induction over deduction. He emphasized the importance of individual rights and liberty, posing critical questions about perception and governance. If Locke observed today's global culture, what political issues would he confront?

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The Foundations of Empiricism: John Locke's Influence on Knowledge and Liberty

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  1. EMPIRICISM: TRUTH ORIGINATES IN OUR EXPERIENCE

  2. JOHN LOCKE • RECOGNIZED AS THE “FOUNDING FATHER” OF WHAT WE NOW UNDERSTAND IS THE “SCHOOL OF EMPIRICAL PRACTICES.” • ADVOCATED THE CONCEPT OF TABULA RASA: NO KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM PRE-BIRTH. WE ARE BORN WITH MINDS THAT ARE “BLANK SLATES.”

  3. ESSENTIAL IDEAS: • OUR IDEAS ARE ANYTHING THAT IS IMMEDIATELY PRESENT TO OUR CONSCIOUS AWARENESS. • CONSCIOUS AWARENESS IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF SENSORY IMAGES, THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND MEMORIES. • ONLY OUR SENSES CAN MAKE US AWARE OF ANYTHING.

  4. ESSENTIAL IDEAS • WE LEARN BY INDUCTION, NOT DEDUCTION. THAT IS, WE REASON FROM PARTICULARS TO GENERALS. • SOMETIMES OUR GENERALIZATIONS ARE MISTAKEN; THEREFORE, WE MUST BE WILLING TO CHANGE OUR BELIEFS IN THINGS IN LIGHT OF CHANGING EVIDENCE.

  5. KEY QUESTION FOR PHILOLOGY: • Can one person’s perception of an object be EXACTLY the same as another person’s? Why or why not? Please explain by using a concrete example and posing some questions.

  6. ESSENTIAL IDEAS • POLITICALLY, THE GOVERNED SHOULD RETAIN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND NOT BE THE SUBJECTS OF THE CONTROLLING FEW. • LIBERTY IS AN INDIVIDUAL NECESSITY.

  7. KEY QUESTION • IF JOHN LOCKE COULD OBSERVE GLOBAL CULTURE TODAY, WHAT POLITICAL ISSUES MIGHT HE CHALLENGE. WHY? • ARRIVE IN CLASS, TOMORROW, WITH AN IDEA RELATED TO THIS ISSUE. BE PREPARED TO EXPLAIN WHY LOCKE WOULD CHALLENGE IT.

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