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Ethernet Basics

Ethernet Basics. Ethernet Basics Ethernet <> Industrial Ethernet PROFINET < The open standard for Realtime Industrial Ethernet > Ruud Welschen. Ethernet Basics History. First Drawing by Bob Metcalfe

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Ethernet Basics

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  1. Ethernet Basics • Ethernet Basics • Ethernet <> Industrial Ethernet • PROFINET • < The open standard for Realtime Industrial Ethernet > • Ruud Welschen

  2. Ethernet BasicsHistory • First Drawing by Bob Metcalfe • 1980 Digital, Intel and XEROX (DIX) publish the specification of a network technology called Ethernet I • IEEE 802.3 publishes the first standard that contains parts of the DIX procedure in 1982 • 1984: DIX passes Ethernet II, since Ethernet I and IEEE 802.3 were incompatible • Today‘s components are based on IEEE 802.3

  3. Application Layer 7 Presentation Layer 6 Session Layer 5 Transport Layer 4 Network Layer 3 Data Link Layer 2 Physical Layer 1 Ethernet BasicsEthernet in the ISO / OSI reference model • The Ethernet specification encompasses Layers 1 and 2 of the reference model: • Data Link Layer: • Logical Link Control (LLC) • Connection to higher sub-layers • Media Access Control MAC) • Grouping of the data (into frames) • Error checking (CRC) • CSMA/CD • Physical Layer: • Current, voltage • Frequency • Half/full duplex • Physical features (cables, connectors, etc.)

  4. Ethernet BasicsEthernet in the ISO / OSI reference model • The TCP/IP specification encompasses Layers 3 and 4 of the reference model: • Transport Layer: • TCP transport of data • Network Layer: • IP Find the way trough the net Application Layer 7 Presentation Layer 6 Session Layer 5 Transport Layer 4 Network Layer 3 Data Link Layer 2 Physical Layer 1

  5. Ethernet BasicsNetwork access procedures CSMA/CD CS - Carrier Sense MA - Multiple Access CD - Collision Detection Collision

  6. Segment A Segment B 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Repeater Transmission medium Transmission medium Ethernet BasicsStructuring of networks with repeaters Collision domain Expansion: 4.5km 1) Number of stations: 1024 Access procedure: CSMA/CD 1) In the 10 Mbit/s network

  7. 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Ethernet BasicsStructuring of networks with bridges Collision domain Collision domain Segment A Segment B Bridge Transmission medium Transmission medium Expansion: 4.5km 1) Number of stations: 1024 Access procedure: CSMA/CD 1) In the 10 Mbit/s network

  8. Ethernet Basics3 routes to increased performance on the network Switching for parallel communication Full duplex for increasing data throughput 100 Mbit/s for high-speed transport of the data

  9. The 100 Mbit/s network 100 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s t The 10 Mbit/s network 10 Mbit/s t Dt Ethernet BasicsWhy 100 Mbit/s ? High bandwidth guaranteed • Non-lag data traffic even in bursts of data traffic activity (e.g. from workstation/server) • Increased data throughputin the network • Clean network:invalid data packages are minimized 100 Mbit/s - The Big Pipe!

  10. CPU CPU RAM RAM CPU CPU RAM CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU Ethernet BasicsBridge/switch •  Differences in the internal architecture have decisive influence on performance Bridge Multiport-bridge Switch

  11. Ethernet BasicsParallel networking S e r v e r Segment B Switch Segment C Segment A

  12. LAN LAN Segment B Segment B Segment A Segment A Segment D Segment D Segment C Segment C Ethernet BasicsShared LAN/switched LAN Data traffic • Switched LAN • Each individual segment has the full performance/data rate • Simultaneous data traffic in several segments; several message frames • Filtering:Local data traffic remains local;only selected data packets cross segment boundaries • Shared LAN • All nodes on the network share network performance/data rate • All data packets go through all segments • Only one message frame on the network at any one time • Collisions reduce the efficiency of the network to approximately 40%

  13. 100 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s Parallel networking: Several frames simultaneously Full duplex: Send and receive data simultaneously Ethernet BasicsFull duplex and parallel networking

  14. Data throughput 100Mbit/s switched full duplex 200Mbit/s 100Mbit/s switched 100Mbit/s 100Mbit/s shared *) 40Mbit/s Network technology 10Mbit/s switched full duplex 20Mbit/s 10Mbit/s switched 10Mbit/s *) 10Mbit/s shared 4Mbit/s Industrial Ethernet Increase in performance *) Effective data throughput because of collisions

  15. Bridge Ethernet BasicsStructuring of networks with routers IP subnet IP subnet Collision domain Collision domain Collision domain Collision domain Segment A Segment B Segment C Segment D 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 Router 3 3 3 3 Bridge 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Transmission medium Transmission medium Transmission medium Transmission medium

  16. Ethernet BasicsStructuring of networks with routers • Routers • Coupling of subnets with identical protocols at the network level (terminal device requires an IP address) • Transport decision on Layer 3 (network address), • Finding the optimal connection between two subnets • Coupling via WAN • Requirements: use of "routable" protocols (active Layer 3; ISO protocol is not routable) • Hierarchical structures possible through logical subnet formation • Layer 3 switch • An extremely fast router thanks to hardware support

  17. Ethernet BasicsWhat is Industrial Ethernet? • Basic idea • Industrial Ethernet components are based on the familiar IEEE Standards • Supplementation of special features that are especially important for industrial communication • Designed for IndustryComponents have been designed for harsh industrial operation  Industrial Ethernet takes account of the differences in marginal conditions between industrial environments and the office world

  18. Ethernet BasicsDifferences between office/industrial networks Feature Industry Office Availability Extremely high requirements Mid-range requirements Network downtimes < 500 ms Network downtimes in the required to avoid plant seconds to minutes range standstills acceptable Response Guaranteed response times Best-possible r. w/o guarantee times (already commenced low-priority transfer is completed before processing of a higher priority) Installation By plant commissioning By specialist network personnel personnel (semi-skilled personnel) Network Component part of plant By trained specialists monitoring monitoring (network administrators)

  19. Ethernet BasicsDifferences between office/industrial networks Feature Industry Office Used in Local control cabinet Separate floor distribution boxes Planning and building measures for network infrastructure DIN rail installation 19” assembly 24 V supply 110 / 230 V supply 0-60°C ambient temperature 0-45°C Some vibration load Device Low, switches with High, switches withdensity fewer ports high number of ports Topology Linear cabling Star cabling (optional ring) with higher- Structured level plant bus and control Floor, building, company site room Network Low number High number modifi- Direct connection between Wide-area infrastructure cabling cations switches and terminal devices with patch panels and connection sockets

  20. Clearly structured network topologies with Ethernet Office (EN 50173) Industry Site SDB SDB Building BDB BDB BDB BDB FDB FDB FDB FDB FDB Floor, hall MDB MDB DTE DTE DTE DTE SDB = Site distriution board FDB = Floor distribution board BDB = Building distribution board MDB = Machine distribution board DTE = Data terminal

  21. Ethernet in automation Line topology in production hall Industrial networking – Line topology at cell and field level SDB BDB Primary cabling BDB Production hall Secondary cabling MDB MDB Tertiary cabling Tertiary cabling Tertiary cabling MDB SDB = Site distribution board, BDB = Building distribution board; MDB = Machine distribution board Distribution boards are designed as switches or routers in full-duplex mode

  22. ELS TP 40Electrical lean switch voor Ethernet • 4-poort IE switch, met 2 integrale FastConnect aansluitelementen voor 2 poorten. (Automatische crossing) • Realisatie van low-cost Ethernet lineaire bus topologie met 4-draads FastConnect twisted-pair kabel. • Tot 100 meter per segement. • Aansluiten tot 2 data terminal devices of een data terminal device met een programmeerapparaat d.m.v. RJ45 poorten. • Alle poorten geschikt 10/100 Mbit/s autosensing/autonegotiation. • ELS voeding via externe voeding. Overzicht Jargon Configuratie Mobic Ethernet I/O

  23. Lineaire topologie met de ELS TP40 Overzicht Verbinden van terminal devices of PG met TP kabel tot 10 m. Jargon Schakelkast Configuratie PG koppeling Mobic OSM TP40 Ethernet I/O Fiber-opticLAN 24V DC 24V DC IE FC TP kabel tot 100 m, aan te sluiten d.m.v. Isolatie-doordringingselement

  24. Industrial Ethernet Designed for Industry • Design • Rugged full-metal housing • Module design for DIN-rail mounting, • Especially resistant to vibration • Impervious to EMI • Guarantees reliable data traffic even in environments subject to electromagnetic interference • Permanently secure connections • Sub-D for Industrial twisted-pair • RJ45 full-metal connectors with additional interlocking • BFOC for fiber optic

  25. Industrial Ethernet Designed for Industry • Diagnostics • LEDs (link status, power, collisions, data) • Signal contact • Simple, low-cost monitoring and function control of the INCs via a digital signal contact • Integration of signals from the network into any available HMI system (e.g. Win CC) • No special monitoring software required • No separate network management station required • No special training required • SNMP OPC server • Web based management • SNMP • RMON

  26. Industrial EthernetDesigned for Industry • Wide temperature range • 00C to 60°C • Network topologies • Linear bus, star, tree • Redundant electrical/optical ring • High level of availability • High-speed media redundancy in millisecond range in electrical/optical ring topologies (ESM/OSM) • Redundant power supply:safe low voltage 2 x 24 V DC for ELS, ESM, OSM

  27. Industrial Ethernet Designed for Industry • Spanning tree algorithm • (IEEE 802.1d) • High-speed redundancy • SIMATIC NET 12 12 9 3 9 3 6 6 • Network reconfiguration • > 30 seconds • Network reconfiguration • < 0.3 seconds

  28. user interface on a view

  29. Industrial Communication • CP343-1Lean • Preisgünstiger Ethernet Anschluss für SIMATIC S7 300 • Einfachbreite Baugruppe spart Einbauplatz im Rack und im Schaltschrank. • Für PG-Betrieb sofort Einsatzbereit, da Vergabe der IP-Adresse direkt aus der Projektierung (DCP Protokoll lt. PROFINET Spezifikation V2). • Baugruppentausch ohne PG durch Configuration-Plug • CP443-1 Advanced • Aufbau kleiner lokaler Netzwerke über integrierten 4-Port Switch • Zugriff auf Prozessinformationen mit Standard-Webbrowser • Einfache webbasierte Diagnose auch ohne STEP 7 • Einfache universelle Kopplung über FTP • Filesystem als preisgünstiger Massenspeicher • Übertragung von ereignisgesteuerten Meldungen mit E-Mail • Baugruppentausch ohne PG durch Configuration-Plug

  30. PROFINET • IE/PB Link PN IO • Proxy-Funktionalität • Investitionsschutz durch Anbindung von PROFIBUS Slaves an PROFINET IO • S7-Routing für PG/OP-Kommunikation • Netzübergang als DP-Master Klasse 2 / Vertikale Integration Softnet PN IO • Software für PROFINET IO-Controller mit OPC-Server und NCM PC Systemanschlüsse für SIMATIC S7 • CP 343-1 und CP 443-1 Advanced mit PROFINET IOund PROFINET CBA Funktionalität SCALANCE X 200 • Industrielle Switches optimiert für den Einsatz mit PROFINET • Einfache Diagnose und Administration durch Integration in die SIMATIC Engineering Tools

  31. Praktijk Overzicht Jargon Configuratie Mobic Ethernet I/O

  32. FastConnect RJ45 plug 180/90 • Simple connection technique (insulation displacement contacts)for 4-core copper twisted-pair installation cables (100 Mbit/s) • Failsafe connections thanks to good view of connection area • Industrialized design (rugged metal housing, no loose parts) • Good EMI shielding and dispersion (metal housing) • Integral strain relief for installation cables • Additional strain relief of the plug connector possible on the housing

  33. PREPARE WIRE BY STRIPPING ACCORDING INSTRUCTION SHEET WITH STRIPPING TOOL AND OPEN PLUG. STOPPING POSITION 1 3 2 2 INSERT WIRE TOWARDS STOPPING POSITION. TERMINATE WIRE BY PRESSING DOWN PIVOT COVER. CLOSE UPPER SHIELDING COVER. PRESS UPPER AND LOWER SHIELDING COVER TOWARDS EACH OTHER 5 4 LOCK PLUG AND ACTIVATE STRAIN RELIEF BY TURNING LOCKING DEVICE 180° USING SCREW DRIVER OR SPANNER SHIELDING COVER FastConnect RJ45 Plug 180/90

  34. Industrial Ethernet FastConnect modular outlet Category 6 of the international cabling standards ISO/IEC 11801 and EN 50173 RJ45 outlet for gigabit Ethernet

  35. Industrial Ethernet FastConnect Modular Outlet

  36. Industrial Ethernet FastConnect Modular Outlet

  37. Industrial Ethernet FastConnect Modular Outlet

  38. Industrial Ethernet FastConnect Modular Outlet • Systemkonfiguration mit FC Modular Outlet 100 Mbit/s und 1000 Mbit/s

  39. Motion Safety Process Data IO PROFINET PROFINET - The Industrial Ethernet standard for automation

  40. PROFINET – the solution! PROFINET is the open Industrial Ethernet standard for Automation PROFINET is based on Industrial Ethernet PROFINET utilizes TCP/IP and IT-Standards PROFINET is Real-Time Ethernet PROFINET allows seamless integration of fieldbus systems

  41. Distributed Field Devices Process Real-timecommunication Safety Distributedfield devices IT-Standards& Security PROFINET Motion Control NetworkInstallation Distri-butedAutomation

  42. Real-Time Communication • Uniform communication und quick reaction times • Simultaneous real-time and IT-service on one cable • Scaleable real-time communication from non-critical time applications up to high performance applications • Unlimited TCP/IP communication Internet • Factory Automation • Motion Control PROFINET 100ms 10ms <1ms IT-services TCP/IP Process data Real-Time

  43. Open Channel for TCP/UDP/IP • Device parameterisation and configuration • Reading of diagnostics data • Negotiation of the communication channel for user data Real Time Channel for SRT • High-performance cyclic data transmission • Event-controlled signals 1 PROFInet applications • IT appli-cations • e.g. • HTTP • SNMP • DHCP... 1 Real-time data Standard data TCP Real-time IP 2 2 SRT Ethernet real-time communication with PROFINET

  44. Configuration in STEP7 • Same configuration view for PROFIBUS and PROFINET STEP7 / HW-Config GSDML GSD + XML = GSDML Quick start in PROFINET through the use of existing user know-how

  45. PROFIBUS  PROFINET • Configuring/programming • Same user views for IOs • Hardware configuring • Diagnostics • Program creation • Hardware • Same IO modules alternatively behind • PROFIBUS • PROFINET • PROFIBUS devices are transparent behind the IE/PB link on PROFINET • Same user handling, that is, existing knowledge/experience can be used • Existing investment can be integrated

  46. Scalance X 108 • Scalance X 108 • 8-port switch with diagnostics via LED • Establishment of low-cost copper star topologies • Connection of up to 8 terminal devices via RJ45 sockets • Rugged IP20 metal housing for direct wall or DIN rail mounting • Redundant voltage supply • Integral signal contact • S7 300 design concept

  47. Network management through SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) Manager Polling Trap MIB MIB Event-controlled through agent Agent

  48. Industrial Wireless LAN • SCALANCE W • Zuverlässig durch Redundanzfunktion und Datenratenreservierung • Sicher durch neueste Verschlüsselungsstandards • Industriegerecht durch robustes Gehäusedesign (IP 65) • Outdoorfähig durch Temperaturbereich von –20°C bis +60°C selbst bei Betauung

  49. Thanks for your attention. Ruud Welschen

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