Aboriginal Perspectives

1. Dialogue Education Aboriginal Perspectives History THIS CD HAS BEEN PRODUCED FOR TEACHERS TO USE IN THE CLASSROOM. IT IS A CONDITION OF THE USE OF THIS CD THAT IT BE USED ONLY BY THE PEOPLE FROM SCHOOLS THAT HAVE PURCHASED THE CD ROM FROM DIALOGUE EDUCATION. (THIS DOES NOT PROHIBIT ITS USE ON A SCHOOL’S INTRANET).

2. Click on the image to the left. You will need to be connected to the internet to view this presentation. Enlarge to full screen. Documentary- The First Australians - 7 Episodes (50 minutes)

3. Click on the image above for a game of “Teacher invader”. Try playing the game with your students at the start and the end of the unit. Make sure you have started the slide show and are connected to the internet. Teacher Invader

4. Most scholars date the arrival of humans in Australia at 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, with a possible range of up to 125,000 years ago. Arrival and occupation of Australia

5. The earliest anatomically modern human remains found in Australia (and outside of Africa) are those of Mungo Man which have been dated at 42,000 years old. Arrival and occupation of Australia

6. It is generally believed that Aboriginal people are the descendants of a single migration into the continent, although a minority propose that there were three waves of migration, most likely island hopping by boat during periods of low sea levels. Arrival and occupation of Australia

7. Aboriginal people mainly lived as hunter-gatherers. They hunted and foraged for food from the land. Arrival and occupation of Australia

8. It has been estimated that at the time of first European contact, the absolute minimum pre-1788 population was 315,000. Arrival and occupation of Australia

9. British colonisation of Australia began with the arrival of the First Fleet in Botany Bay in 1788. Since British settlement

10. Controversy has arisen over one immediate consequence of British settlement, i.e. waves of European epidemic diseases such as measles, smallpox and tuberculosis. Since British settlement

11. The 1789 outbreak of smallpox was most likely caused by British supplies of virus imported with the First Fleet. Since British settlement

12. A consequence of British settlement was appropriation of land and water resources, which continued throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries as rural lands were converted for sheep and cattle grazing. Since British settlement

13. In 1834 there occurred the first recorded use of Aboriginal trackers, who proved very adept at navigating their way through the Australian landscape and finding people. Since British settlement

14. During the 1860s, Tasmanian Aboriginal skulls were particularly sought internationally for studies into craniofacial anthropometry. Since British settlement

15. In 1868, a group of mostly Aboriginal cricketers toured England, becoming the first Australian cricket team to travel overseas. Since British settlement

16. By 1900 the recorded Indigenous population of Australia had declined to approximately 93,000 . 20th and 21st centuries

17. Although, as British subjects, all Indigenous Australians were nominally entitled to vote, generally only those who "merged" into mainstream society did so. 20th and 21st centuries

18. Despite efforts to bar their enlistment, around 500 Indigenous Australians fought for Australia in the First World War. 20th and 21st centuries

19. 1934 saw the first appeal to the High Court by an Aboriginal Australian and it succeeded. 20th and 21st centuries

20. Hundreds of Indigenous Australians served in the Australian armed forces during World War Two. 20th and 21st centuries

21. The 1960s was a pivotal decade in the assertion of Aboriginal rights and a time of growing collaboration between Aboriginal activists and white Australian activists. 20th and 21st centuries

22. In the controversial 1971 Gove land rights case, Justice Blackburn ruled that Australia had been terra nullius before British settlement, and that no concept of native title existed in Australian law. 20th and 21st centuries

23. In sport Evonne Goolagong Cawley became the world number-one ranked tennis player in 1971 and won 14 Grand Slam titles during her career. 20th and 21st centuries

24. In 1973 Arthur Beetson became the first Indigenous Australian to captain his country in any sport when he first led the Australian National Rugby League team, the Kangaroos. 20th and 21st centuries

25. In 1992, the High Court of Australia handed down its decision in the Mabo Case, declaring the previous legal concept of terra nullius to be invalid. 20th and 21st centuries

26. In 1999 the Australian Parliament passed a Motion of Reconciliation drafted by Prime Minister John Howard in consultation with Aboriginal Senator Aden Ridgeway naming mistreatment of Indigenous Australians as the most "blemished chapter in our national history". 20th and 21st centuries

27. In 2000, Aboriginal sprinter Cathy Freeman lit the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. 20th and 21st centuries

28. In 2004, the Australian Government abolished the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission amidst allegations of corruption. 20th and 21st centuries

29. In 2007, Prime Minister John Howard and Indigenous Affairs Minister Mal Brough launched the Northern Territory National Emergency Response, in response to allegations of child abuse among indigenous communities. 20th and 21st centuries

30. On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd issued a public apology to members of the Stolen Generations on behalf of the Australian Government. 20th and 21st centuries

31. Ken Wyatt of the Liberal Party became the first indigenous Australian elected to the Australian House of Representatives in the Australian Federal Election of 2010. 20th and 21st centuries

32. # Bowler, JM et al., (20 February 2003), Letters: New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia, Nature • # Corbett, Laurie (1995), "The Dingo: in Australia and Asia" • # Diamond, J. (1997). "Guns, germs, and steel". Random House. London. • # Dortch, C.E. and Hesp, P.A. 1994. "Rottnest Island artifacts and palaeosols in the context of Greater Swan Region prehistory" (Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia • # Evans, R. (2007). A History of Queensland. Cambridge UK: Cambridge U. Press. pp. 10–12. ISBN ISBN 978-0-521-54539-6 ISBN 0-521-54539-0. • # Mulvaney, J. and Kamminga, J., (1999), Prehistory of Australia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. • # Flood, Josephine (1994), "Archaeology of the Dreamtime" (Angus & Robertson; 2Rev Ed)(ISBN 0207184488) • # Flood Josephine , (2006), The Original Australians: Story of the Aboriginal People, Allen & Unwin, (ISBN 1-741-14872-3) • # Glynn, Ian; Glynn, Jenifer (2004). The life and death of smallpox. Cambridge University Press. pp. 145–146. ISBN 0521845424. http://books.google.com/books?id=tL4W3YNMYLIC&pg=PA145. • # Flannery, Tim "The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australian Lands and People" (Grove Press)(ISBN 0802139434) • # Mear C. "The origin of the smallpox outbreak in Sydney in 1789". Journal of Royal Australian Historical Society 94 (1): 1–22. http://treatyrepublic.net/content/origin-smallpox-outbreak-sydney-1789. • # Oppenheimer, Stephen, (2004),"Out of Eden: The Peopling of the World"(Constable and Robinson; New Ed) • # Oppenheimer, Stephen "The Real Eve: Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa"(Carroll & Graf Publishers)(ISBN 0786713348 • # Tindale's Catalogue of Australian Aboriginal Tribes: Tjapukai (QLD) • # Warren C., "Could First Fleet smallpox infect Aborigines? – A note", Aboriginal History 31, pp 152–164. http://www.scribd.com/doc/49665744/Warren-AbHist31-2007 • # Wikipedia History of Indigenous Australians- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians Bibliography