Chapter 4 Language landscapes and identities in the Baltic countries

1. Chapter 4 Language landscapes and identities in the Baltic countries Lithuania Mielute Ramoniene (Lithuanian & minorities, language & identity) Ineta Dabasinskiene (Lithuanian at the “open market” of languages) Latvia Svetlana Dajčkova & Ilze Brands-Kehris (Latvian & minorities) Estonia Anu Masso & Katrin Kello (Estonian in the Russian schools) Maarja Siiner & Triin Vihalemm (Estonian, Russian & minority identity) View from outside: Gabrielle Hogan-Brun (summary on the basis of country sub-chapters)

2. Contents: topic A National (Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian) language knowledge and usage among minority groups, especially Russian minority; its dynamics during last two decades The status of the national language among Russian minority (attitudes etc) Impact of language to the ethno-lingual identity Language regulations (c/c law, regulation of national language use in private and public sector) and its likely impact to the language acquisition processes and status of language Language knowledge and inter-ethnic contacts, trust towards public institutions and socio-economic status.

3. Topic B National langauges in Russian schools – subjects, amount and role in curriculum Attitudes towards national language teaching principles among teachers, pupils and parents Languages of university education, most popular places for university studies among Russian youth etc

4. Topic C • National languages in the context of European Union and globalisation. Multilingualism of people • Foreign language teaching and learning • Neigbours’ language learning (Finnish, Polish) • Status and perspectives of development of national languages with small number of speakers, possibilities to make them attractive on the “market of languages”

5. Questions adressedin relation with the focus of sub-chapter • What is wished and what is realistic to achieve with language regulations in coming 10, 20, 50 years? • Documents, public discourse vs expert opinion • If the current language policy will be implemented during coming 10-20 years – what processes will likely occur? • language-shift? identity changes? • positive and negative scenarios in relation to the spread, vitality and development of national language • development of minority-majority relations etc? • How unique is the situation of Lithuania/Latvia/Estonia(big share of Russian minority; small number of speakers of national language and thereby low instrumental motivation to learn it as foreign language) • Peculiarities and universalities of Baltic states in comparison with other Eastern European countries, and other Baltic sea countries • Comparisons with processes taken place elsewhere in the (linguistic) history?

6. Preliminary structure • Introduction/overview (3p) • Brief language policy principles in three Baltic states • Basic statistics from census data, Eurobarometer (ethnicities, mother tongue, language spoken) • Lithuanian analysis A+B? Meilute Ramoniene • Latvian analysis A+B? Svetlana Dajčkova • Estonian analysis A Triin Vihalemm & Maarja Siiner B Anu Masso & Katrin Kello • Integrated analysis? CIneta Dabasinskiene, Maarja Siiner • Discussion Gabrielle Hogan-Brun • Summary (contextualisng with the whole report) Triin Vihalemm

7. Pealkiri • Tekst 1 • Tekst 2 • Tekst 3