Understanding Evolution: The Impact of Natural Selection and Speciation

1. EOC PRACTICE QUESTIONS #3 Free Powerpoint Templates

2. Bio.3.4 - Explain the theory of evolution by natural selection as a mechanism for how species change over time.

3. Change over time is called • evolution

4. 4 evidences of evolution are • Biochemical (#1) • Fossil • Anatomical • Embryological

5. The most primitive fossils are found in ______ layer. The more complex are in the _______ layer. - Bottom • Top

6. Which shows a common ancestor? Homologous structures

7. Structures that have no essential function are called ________. Examples are __(list5)___. • vestigial structures • Appendix • wisdom teeth • tonsils in humans • Tail bone ( coccyx ) • pelvic girdle and beginnings of femurs in whales

8. Similarities in embryos of vertebrates show that the have a _________________. common ancestor

9. Which primates share a common ancestor? Chimp Gorilla Human

10. Darwin’s theory that those most adapt to the environment will survive and reproduce is called • Natural Selection (survival of the fittest)

11. The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are • 1. Variation (due to sexual reproduction and other changes in the gene pool)

12. The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are • 2. Overproduction (ensures species survival)

13. The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are • 3. Competition(same habitat and niche)

14. The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are • 4. Natural Selection (most adapt survive and their genes are passed onto their children)

15. Label the graphs below. Directional Selection

16. Label the graphs below. • Stabilizing Selection

17. Label the graphs below. • Disruptive Selection

18. Type of evolution in which similar organisms become different overtime due to their environments is called _______.Examples are : ___________. • divergent evolution or adaptive radiation • Darwin’s finches and turtles • whale and a human, both of which are mammals

19. Type of evolution in which different organisms become more similar is called_______. Examples are: _____________. • convergent evolution • Fish and sharks, whales and dolphins, penguins and seals • (fish, aves –birds, mammals)

20. _____ is when organisms adapt and evolve together to benefit their situation. Examples are: _________. • Coevolution • Arthropods (insects in this case) and angiosperms

21. This diagram shows : _________. adaptive radiation or divergent evolution due to different environments

22. New species were formed because of _____. • isolation • in this case - geographic isolation • There is also temporal (reproduce at different times) • reproductive (do not have appropriate courtship behavior.)

23. The development of a new species is called _____________. • speciation

24. All the genes in a population is called a ______________. • gene pool

25. Type of evolution where appearance is stable followed by abrupt change is_______________. • punctuated equlibrium

26. Slow and steady change in appearance is called _________. • gradualism

27. Which organism is the most primitive? shark

28. Which is the most recent organism? bird

29. Which two organisms are most closely related, shark and toad, amphibian and primate or primate and rabbit? primate and rabbit

30. What traits do primates exhibit? • Vertebrae • bony skeleton • four limbs • amniotic egg • hair

31. This evolutionary tree is called a __________________. cladogram

32. Not taking all of your antibiotics to kill all of the bacteria off can lead to _____. • antibiotic resistance • (variety allows some of the bacteria to survive and reproduce making super bugs) • example is tuberculosis resistance started in the prisons in Russia.

33. BT corn is scary to organic farmers because over usage can lead to _______________. • pesticide resistance where pests take over food supple making it necessary to make a more toxic substance to kill them

34. Bio 3.5 Analyze how classification systems are developed based upon speciation.

35. 7 taxons broadest to most specific • (Domain) • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

36. The broadest of the above categories, the one that includes the most organisms is the ___. The most specific that contains organisms that can produce fertile offspring is ________. • Kingdom • Species

37. 2 name naming system for the scientific name is called ___________. • Binomial nomenclature

38. The two taxons it consists of are the _______, which is always capitalized and the ________ which is lower case. • Genus • species

39. The whole name is either _______ or __________. • underlined or italicized.

40. The purpose of the scientific name is to have one name in _____ (language) to avoid having many ________ that vary location to location. • Latin • common names

41. Label P for prokaryote, E for eukaryote, and B for both • Membrane bound organelles like the mitochondria and chloroplasts - E • Smaller in size - P • Ribosomes - B • Living - B • Membrane bound nucleus - E • DNA - B • Larger cell - E • DNA not wrapped in a membrane - P

42. Kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular and heterotrophic is _________. • Animalia

43. Kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic and has a cell wall made out of chitin _____. • Fungi

44. Kingdom that is mostly unicellular, auto or heterotrophic, eukaryotic is ____________. • Protista

45. Kingdom that is unicellular prokaryotic and likes extreme environments ___________. • Archaebacteria

46. Kingdom that is unicellular prokaryotic and has a cell wall made out of peptidoglycan • Eubacteria

47. Kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic , and has a cell wall made out of cellulose is ___________ • Plantae

48. What is organism A in dichotomous key below? • Teuthida

49. What are some characteristics of annelids according to the key? • Distinct head, tentacles are present, External shell not present

50. Which two organisms are most closely related in shark table below? • Greenland and Prickly shark