Learning To Use New Testament Greek

Learning To Use New Testament Greek Lesson XI

ajgro;V, oJ field agrarian

dou:loV, oJ servant, slave

qa;natoV, oJ death thanatology – study of death

li;qoV, oJ stone lithography

uiJoV, oJ son

e[rgon, to; work erg = unit of work ergonomic

eujalle’lion, to; gospel evangelical

teknon, to; child

e[rhmoV, hJ wilderness, desert hermit

oJdoV, hJ road, way odometer

ginw;skw I know Gnostic

lamba;nw I take, I receive

fe;rw I bring, I bear Christopher – bearer of Christ

de; now, but

Nouns (of the 2nd declension) • names person, place, thing, quality or idea • John 1 “12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: 13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.” • blood is a noun • Greek aimatwn (Plural genitive noun) • English – mass noun (e.g. sugar) • Literally “bloods” • Indicates family lineage

Distinctive Features Of A Noun • Case • Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, **Vocative** • Gender • Masculine, Feminine, neuter • Number • Singular, plural • In Greek: Declensions • 1st, 2nd, 3rd (Refers to a group)

Case • Has to do with the function of the noun as it relates to the verb or to other parts of a sentence (Essentials Of New Testament Greek by Ray Summers) • Paul sent the churches a letter. • The churched sent Paul a letter. • English – subject + verb + IO + DO • Greek – word order not as critical to determine the subject of the sentence. • will be known by its ending

Examples • Men see apostles. • blepou;si a[nqrwpoi ajpo;stolouV. • The wisdom of men. 2. ejdw:ken a[nqrwpoiV doma;ta. • Apostles see men. 3. a[nqrwpous blepou;si ajpo;stoloi.

Nominative Case • Indicates subject of the sentence. • Naming case • E.g. John saw Jesus coming to him. • oV, oi

Genitive Case • The case which describes. • It specifies or qualifies. • Often thought of as the case of possession. • Often translated with use of word “of”. • E.g. The disciples of John fasted.

Dative Case • Case which points out the person to, or for, whom something is done. • Most often associated with the indirect object. • Often translated with word “to” or “for”. • E.g. Jesus was speaking words of truth to the crowd.

Accusative Case • “Receives” the action of the verb or that which is directly affected by the action of the verb. • Known as the direct object. • Relative to the verb, it answers the question “what?” • E.g. Jesus was speaking words of truth to the crowd.

Vocative Case • Not widely used • The case of direct address • E.g. Lord have mercy on us.

Gender • Method of classification. • Types: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter • English – Nouns classified on basis of natural gender. • Greek – generally follows natural gender w/ living things. • Things, qualities, ideas are not necessarily neuter • Recognizing gender is important.

Endings for Nouns of 2nd Declension

Articles • a, an, the • noun marker or determiner • an adjective • “the” is definite – points to a specific thing • “a” or “an” is indefinite – general information • Greek has no indefinite article

Articles anqrwpoV blepei apostolon. A man sees an apostle. oJ anqrwpos blepei ton apostolon. The man sees the apostle.

Learning To Use New Testament Greek