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Obstructive sleep apnea in the young child

Obstructive sleep apnea in the young child. Dr. Martin Maldonado. Obstructive apnea . There are several possible causal factors The apnea often goes unnoticed Associated with behavioral problems during the day in the young child. Epidemiology. Differential diagnosis with “primary snoring”

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Obstructive sleep apnea in the young child

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  1. Obstructive sleep apnea in the young child Dr. Martin Maldonado

  2. Obstructive apnea • There are several possible causal factors • The apnea often goes unnoticed • Associated with behavioral problems during the day in the young child

  3. Epidemiology • Differential diagnosis with “primary snoring” • 10% of children have primary snoring during preschool and school age • Several studies have found around 3% of children with obstructive sleep apnea

  4. Causes of obstructive apnea • Multiple causes, some are medical conditions, others unknown • MEDICAL CAUSES • Facial malformations, or in the airway passages( eg. Down, Cruzon, Artrogriposis, Hunter, Hurler, Pierre- Robin, Marfan, Treacher Collins,etc)

  5. Other causes of sleep apnea • Alergic rhinitis • Hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids • Chronic irritation(smoke in the house, high smog content) • Obesity • Micrognatia • Multiple less frequent causes

  6. Effects of obstructive apnea • Physiological effects: • Periodic interruption of sleep • Worse quality of sleep, interrupting phases III and IV • Periods of apnea with oxygen desaturation • Less rest during the night

  7. Clinical Manifestations • Intense snoring during the night, but may also occur in the day • Somnolence during the day • Hyperactivity during the day • Diminished ability to concentrate • More irritable and aggressive during the day

  8. Diagnosis • Observatin. Restless sleep, frequent changes in position. • Sleep in unusual positions • Snoring and apneas • Polysomnographic study and actigraphy • Measure oxygen saturation

  9. Treatment • Resolve the original cause • Surgery if indicated • Removal of tonsils and adenoids if necesssary • Positive Pressure in the airways (CPAP machine)

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